History of GAM (Free Aceh Movement)

History of GAM (Free Aceh Movement)

Post-Independence of the Republic of Indonesia Speaking of GAM, inevitably, must speak the birth of the Republic of Indonesia. Because, that's where the story of the movement for independence began. Five days after the Republic of Indonesia was proclaimed, Aceh declared its full support for the power of government based in Jakarta. Under the Aceh Resident, who is also a prominent figure, Tengku Nyak Arief, Aceh declared the pledge of loyalty, supporting the independence of Indonesia and Aceh as an integral part. On August 23, 1945, at least 56 Acehnese came together and took an oath. "By Allah, I will be faithful to defend the independence of the Republic of Indonesia to the point of my last blood." Except Mohammad Daud Beureueh, all Acehnese leaders and clerics pronounced the promise. At 10:00 am at that time, Husein Naim and M Amin Bugeh waved flags at the Shu Chokan building (now, the governor's office). However, it turns out that not all Acehnese promise loyalty, they are the hulubalang, the warriors who fought against the Dutch and Japan. They are sure, without RI, they can manage their own Aceh state. This is the earliest story of an independence movement. The motor is Daud Cumbok, its headquarters in Bireuen area. The clerical figures are opposed to David Cumbok. Through the figures and warriors of Aceh, M. Nur El Ibrahimy, Daud Cumbok attacked and defeated. In history, this war was called the Civil War or the Cumbok War that killed no less than 1,500 people for a year until 1946. In 1948, when the Indonesian government moved to Yogyakarta and Syafrudin Prawiranegara was appointed President of the Emergency Government of Indonesia (PDRI), Aceh asked to be a province of its own. At that time, M. Daud Beureueh was appointed Aceh Military Governor. Because of the condition of the state continued unstable and the Dutch rampant again, came the idea of ​​breaking away from RI, the idea came from dr. Mansur, the area is not only Aceh, but includes Aceh, Nias, Tapanuli, South Sumatra, Lampung, Bengkalis, Indragiri, Riau, Bengkulu, Jambi, and Minangkabau. Daud Beureueh opposed this idea, he campaigned to all the people, that Aceh is part of RI. As a proof, Beureueh mobilizes public funds.

A year later, in 1949, Beureueh managed to raise public funds of 500,000 US dollars. The money was donated intact for the Indonesian nation. The money was given ABRI 250 thousand dollars, 50 thousand dollars for government office of the Republic of Indonesia, 100 thousand dollars for the return of RI government from Yogyakarta to Jakarta, and 100 thousand dollars given to the central government through AA Maramis. Aceh also contributed gold bullion to buy government bonds, financed the establishment of Indonesian representatives in India, Singapore and the purchase of two aircraft for the purposes of RI leaders. At that time Sukarno said Aceh is the main capital of independence of Indonesia. A year goes on, disappointment grows. Aceh Province is merged into North Sumatra Province. The Acehnese are angry. Moreover, the promise of Soekarno on June 16, 1948 that Aceh will be given the right to take care of his own household according to Islamic law is not also met. In essence, Daud Beureueh wants to recognize the right to practice religion in Aceh. Not forbidden. Beureueh did not ask for independence, just ask for freedom to run his religion according to Islamic Shari'a. Daud Beureueh also rolled the idea of ​​the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia in April 1953. This idea in West Java was carried Kartosuwiryo in 1949 through Darul Islam. Five months later, Beureueh claimed to join and recognize NII Kartosuwiryo. From here then Beureueh conduct guerrilla. The Acehnese, who in fact Islam, fully support the NII idea. The NII Army was formed, named Indonesian Islamic Army (TII). Then, the DI / TII rebellion in some areas. Beureueh ran into the forest. It's just a tragedy here. In 1955 there was a mass murder by the TNI. Around 64 innocent Acehnese were aligned in the field and fired on. This action disappointed the pro-Sukarno Acehnese. Through various upheavals and negotiations, in 1959 Aceh gained the status of a special province province.

Beureueh felt betrayed by Sukarno. Bung Karno ignored the traditional leadership structure and did not appreciate the role of the ulama in the life of the state. In fact, the people of Aceh was very big belief to the scholars. Guerrilla was done, but Bung Karno mobilized his troops to Aceh. In 1962, Beureueh was persuaded his son-in-law El Ibrahimy to obey the Minister of Defense AH Nasution to surrender. Beureueh according to the promise will be made Islamic Sharia Law for the people of Aceh (newly realized in 2001). The Beginning of the Founding of GAM GAM was born in the Soeharto era. At that time, there was industrialization in Aceh. Soeharto completely abandoned the customs and respect of the people of Aceh. The gambling effect gave birth to prostitution, drunkenness, bars, and all sorts of things contrary to Islam and the customs of the people of Aceh. Aceh's natural wealth is depleted through the development of foreign-controlled industries through the center's blessing. While the people of Aceh remain poor. Education is low, economic conditions are very alarming. Seeing this, Daud Beureueh and old Acehnese who have calmed down and then guerrilla again to restore the honor of the people, Acehnese custom and Islam. The meeting was initiated in the 1970s. They agreed to continue the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Aceh, a glorious and God-forgiving land. Now they realize that the goal can not be achieved without weapons. Then sent Zainal Abidin to meet Hasan Tiro who is studying in America. The meeting took place in 1972 and it was agreed that Tiro would send weapons to Aceh. Zainal is none other than Tiro's brother. Unfortunately, the weapons were not sent until Beureueh died. Hasan Asleh, Jamil Amin, Zainal Abidin, Hasan Tiro, Ilyas Leubee, and many more gathered at the foot of Mount Halimun, Pidie. There, on May 24, 1977, former DI / TII leaders and young Aceh leaders established GAM. For four days in session, Daud Beureueh was appointed the supreme leader. Hasan Tiro, who was not present in GAM's establishment, was appointed as the guardian of the state. GAM consists of 15 ministers, four ministerial-level officials and six governors. They also guerilla glorify the people of Aceh, adat, and religion that trampled Suharto. Own Arms Factory and Training Center in Libya Once established, GAM has popular support. Relations with the international world continue to be built. Armed forces were also drawn up. How many GAM members, how is their strength, international network, and funds? Still remember the deadline of the government's update on May 12, 2003. Until the deadline of the ultimatum, the government did not issue decisions as a sign of the beginning of military operations to Aceh. It is said that at that time the government calculated the strength of the TNI there. There are concerns that the TNI will be bullied by GAM through guerrilla warfare. Indirectly, this message implies the toughness of GAM's armed forces. In fact, the number of GAM members is mostly Acehnese. The philosophy is like this. If the people continue to be oppressed, then all the people will rise up against it. And this is what happened in the earth of the Veranda of Mecca. GAM resistance gained tremendous sympathy from the people of Aceh. The old people are cursed and persecuted. Jokingly, the Supreme Commander of GAM and Deputy Mayor of Aceh Tengku Abdullah Syafei (alm) said that Acehnese babies had been provided AK-47 weapons by GAM. They will be trained and trained as GAM soldiers and immediately go to war against the TNI. Indeed, GAM's struggle bases are conducted on two sides, diplomatic and armed. The direct diplomatic route led by Hasan Tiro from Sweden. World opinion is controlled from here. While the military base is controlled from its base on the border of North Aceh-Pidie. All GAM forces are operated from this place. Including, the entire command in some areas of Aceh and in some countries such as Malaysia, Pattani (Thailand),