Environmental pollution is the environment that surrounds all beings, non-living materials, and interrelationships; to ensure the continuity of life. [1] Based on the previous definition, the environment is all that God has created for us from trees, animals, seas, oceans, It is the duty of all to preserve the environment and protect it from pollution. The pollution of the environment occurs when polluters enter the natural environment, disrupt their balance and negatively affect the life of living organisms. These pollutants take many forms. They may be chemicals or natural energy.Pollution occurs when natural levels exceed. [2] Types of environmental pollution and causes of environmental pollution Many types, including: air pollution, water, soil, pollution, noise, thermal and optical. Air pollution when harmful gases, dust and smoke enter the atmosphere, causing physical, biological or chemical changes in the air, affecting the life of living organisms on Earth. The causes of air pollution include the following: Fossil fuels are the co-dioxide As a result of the burning of fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, one of the main causes of air pollution, although the means of transport from cars, aircraft and trains, but the excessive use of air pollutes carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide caused by incomplete combustion For fuel, it also produces natural and industrial processes with nitrogen oxides that contribute to air pollution. Agricultural activities: The excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides in agricultural activities releases chemicals, such as ammonia, which pollutes both air and water. Factory Smoke and Oil Refineries: These smoke releases carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and other harmful chemicals. Mining operations: means the extraction of minerals from the ground, causing the release of dust, chemicals that pollute the air, and the problems of health workers, and residents of nearby areas. Cleaning materials, wall coating materials: These materials cause air pollution due to chemicals emitted from them. Water pollution Water pollution results from human activities that lead to the introduction of harmful substances into water bodies such as lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, reservoirs, etc. Water pollution can result from natural causes such as volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis. The type of pollution on the life of living organisms and plants living in or near water. Drinking polluted water causes human diseases to suffer from many diseases. The causes of water pollution include the following: [5] Industrial waste dumping in the water bodies: Industrial waste contains chemicals M Such as lead, mercury, sulfur, asbestos, nitrates, and a lot of other harmful substances that change the color of the water, increase the amount of minerals in it, and change its temperature, which is dangerous to the life of living organisms. Wastewater: Wastewater discharges after treatment into the sea pollutes water with hazardous chemicals and bacteria that cause fatal diseases, such as malaria. Mining operations Minerals extracted from the ground and rocks contain metal waste and sulfide can increase the amount of toxic elements when mixed with water, which can lead to serious health problems. Marine garbage: The accumulation of waste such as paper, aluminum, rubber, glass, plastic, and food in the sea pollutes sea water, and harms living organisms. Occasional oil leakage: Oil leakage from marine carriers causes the introduction of toxic substances that do not dissolve in water and affect marine life and birds. Burning fossil fuels: The burning of fossil fuels releases ash, particles containing chemicals mixed with rainwater and forming the so-called acid rain. Agricultural activities: Fertilizers and pesticides used in agricultural activities contain chemicals mixed with rainwater, flowing into rivers, canals and causing serious damage to aquatic animals. When the rain falls, the animals' residues are carried away and transported to the rivers, causing pollution. The contaminated water of the rivers produces many diseases such as dysentery, typhoid, cholera, Diarrhea, and jaundice. Coal and oil leakage from transport pipes: These pipes are underground, and when oil leaks into the sea it does not dissolve in water, causing severe damage to marine organisms. Land and soil pollution Land and soil pollution is intended to cause the degradation or destruction of the earth's surface and soil, directly or indirectly, as a result of human activities, limiting land productivity and quality as an ideal place for agriculture, forestry, construction, etc. The causes of soil pollution include: [6] Deforestation, soil erosion. Agricultural activities, such as excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. Landfills, such as: the accumulation of waste such as aluminum, plastic, paper, cloth, wood, building materials, this reduces the beauty of cities, and pollutes land and soil. Nuclear waste, such as burying nuclear waste and underground radioactive materials. Wastewater, such as: dumping solid waste
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