Alumina ceramic is one of the hardest and strongest advanced ceramic materials available, offering exceptional hardness, corrosion resistance, strength at both room temperatures and elevated temperatures.
No interaction exists with oxygen, chlorine and sulfuric acid (hot). It can be made into refractory materials, furnace tubes, glass drawing crucibles and thermocouple protective covers.
High Hardness
Alumina is a hard engineering ceramic material with exceptional resistance to abrasion, wear and corrosion. It can be formed into various shapes to fit various applications and is also very machinable. Furthermore, Alumina boasts low thermal expansion properties so as to withstand high temperature exposure; furthermore its chemical stability makes it suitable for non-lubricated areas.
Alumina (Al2O3) is one of the most frequently utilized technical ceramic grades. It comes in various purity levels ranging from 94% for metallizability purposes up to 99.8% purity levels suitable for high performance applications. Purity levels influence its properties such as electrical insulation, high chemical resistance and good thermal stability.
High-purity alumina can be processed into various technical ceramics, the most prevalent being refractory furnace tubes, special crucibles and ceramic bearings. Furthermore, its wide array of applications extends to cutting tools, nozzles and friction components used by piston engines and machinery as it boasts exceptional strength and wear resistance that surpasses silicon carbide's.
This type of alumina ceramic can be cold pressed, hot rolled and extruded into various shapes, and injection molding and tape casting are suitable. Due to its high density, however, different processing methods must be used when working with it compared to other ceramic mixtures; such as using organic and inorganic lubricants, plasticizers and electrolytes. Once mixed with these substances, the alumina mixture is dry or isostatic pressed, hot pressed extruded and injection/compression molded.
High Resistance to Corrosion
Alumina ceramic's high resistance to corrosion makes it an excellent material choice for chemical processing applications. It does not react with most acid gases like sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acids in an inert atmosphere and even exhibits plasma resistance properties.
Alumina ceramic has many characteristics that make it suitable for industrial processes, from its hardness and refractoriness to being rustproof and easy to clean. There is no melting point and it does not oxidize under normal circumstances - which make it the ideal material for creating insulators, nozzles and tubes for use in these processes.
Before sintering alumina ceramics, various additives can be added to it to enhance its chemical resistance properties and extend its chemical lifetime. Mullite and corundum add resistance against acid corrosion while La2O3 reduces soluble contents in aqueous sulfuric acid and decreases damage depth.
Additives to an alumina ceramic can significantly improve its corrosion resistance in extreme working environments like those encountered during oil drilling. Alumina ceramics are commonly used as proppants in oil fracturing technology to increase crude oil production from underground wells; in this harsh working environment, proppants must withstand strong chemicals like HF/HCl solutions and acids; additionally they must also withstand high temperatures and pressure for best performance.
High Resistance to Abrasion
Alumina's extremely hard surface resists abrasion more effectively than other materials, extending its lifespan of ceramic equipment while also decreasing maintenance costs and downtime due to repairs. Furthermore, this material's use increases safety for operators as well as members of the general public by protecting equipment or structures during operation or transportation without risking damage to equipment or structures.
Abrasion resistance depends on both a material's chemistry and physical structure. Alumina ceramics exhibit high atomic density with few voids, creating an exceptionally dense material with very little air space between atoms - this dense structure and atomic stability make alumina resistant to different forms of abrasion, corrosion and impact.
As Alumina is chemically inert, it can withstand the effects of chemicals like salt and solvent solutions without succumbing to their damaging effects. Furthermore, Alumina's heat resistance makes it ideal for applications requiring both high abrasion resistance and high temperature resistance - perfect for high abrasion applications such as automotive manufacturing plants.
Alumina ceramics have exceptional abrasion-resistance characteristics due to the compressive stress at its grain boundary, which serves to inhibit grain growth while attenuating any wear energy that would otherwise cause cracking.
Alumina is an ideal material for lining nozzles, valves and pumps that handle materials that are either corrosive or abrasive, as well as making ceramic-to-metal feedthroughs in medical and industrial equipment such as vacuum systems, X-ray components and electron tubes, microwave windows for lasers and microwave equipment.
High Insulation
Alumina ceramic's insulation properties make it a suitable material for high-voltage bushings and components that require hermeticity (vacuum tightness) for transmitting power or fluids, such as hermetic seals for high voltage bushings or components that use hermeticity to transfer fluids or power, or thermal barriers to reduce heat loss. As purity of alumina ceramic increases, its insulation qualities improve, making it an excellent choice for electrical applications.
Alumina ceramic is dense, which results in its low coefficient of expansion when exposed to heat, providing resistance against thermal shock while still remaining robust enough for extreme conditions and temperatures.
Sturdiness makes ceramic an ideal material for producing technical ceramic parts such as refractories and engineered shapes such as disks, rings, or rectangles - using custom injection molding processes, ceramic manufacturers can produce exact specifications and tolerances required by certain components.
Manufacturers employ fine particle grinding of alumina material in order to produce ceramic products with optimal wear properties, producing ceramics with reduced porosity and higher wear resistance and tensile strength. Alumina ceramic components used in total knee replacements (TKRs) protect against stress-related creep, increasing wear resistance. It may even improve long-term knee performance and clinical outcomes by providing better protection from stresses or stresses creep of implant.
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