In Antarctica, extreme climatic conditions lead to extremely significant seasonal changes, which have a dramatic impact on the length of the day. Daytime variations in the Antarctic region are determined by the inclination of the Earth's orbit and the position of the Antarctic Circle. During the Southern Hemisphere's summer, areas within the Antarctic Circle experience extremely long daylight periods as the Sun rises above the horizon for almost the entire sky and then sets across the horizon for almost the entire sky. This continuous daylight causes temperatures to rise in the Antarctic region, and during this time many organisms become active, breeding and foraging.
During the Southern Hemisphere winter, the Antarctic region experiences the opposite. Polar night causes the sun to stay below the horizon for months, causing the Antarctic region to enter a state of constant darkness. This long-term darkness has a significant impact on biological and human life, often requiring special measures to adapt to extreme environmental conditions. Because of this extreme day and night cycle, Antarctica is an ideal place for scientific research, where researchers can conduct studies in the fields of biology, climate, and geophysics to better understand the operation and development of the Earth. Ecosystem functioning.