Artistic Movements

Art, like history, is divided into 5 stages; prehistory, old age, middle age, modern age, and contemporary. But first of all we need to know what an artistic movement is: they are all those tendencies (referring to art) that follow a common philosophy or style (If you are limited to a group of artists in a specific place and time, you are talking about a artistic school, for example, the Sevillian school of painting.)
When we speak of artistic movements we also speak of '' styles '', the style is that which represents the artist , they are its characteristics, what unifies or distinguishes one artist from another. 'Style' comes from the Latin stilus ('punch'), written in medieval times as a stylus by the influence of the Greek term stylos, ('column'). In the past, it was called a type of punch to write on wax tablets; with time, he went on to designate both the instrument, as well as the work of the writer and his way of writing. The style can be either a set of formal characters, either individual - the way of writing, of composing or of elaborating a work of art on the part of an artist -, or collective - of a group, a time or a geographical place - , as an organic system of forms, in which it would be the conjunction of certain factors that would generate the way of working of the group.
The style studies the artist and his work the way in which it is materialized, his composition, the visual weight, the range of colors used, and even what the artist wanted to communicate in the work. From all these data, and more, the artistic style, whether of the work or of the author, is drawn to conclusion.
Within the styles we can get the phases, since each style is subject to an evolutionary dynamic that is usually cyclical, recurrent, perceptible to a greater or lesser degree in each historical period, this is where the "pre" and the "post" enter. (ex: pre-romanticism, post-impresionism) the "pre", as we already know speaks of what was before or the beginnings of said style, and the "post" is the same style but with advanced features towards the end of that style .
Now that we know this, we can enter the subject of artistic movements, which are the best known?

• Gothic Art, Gothic art proper coincides in time with the fullness and crisis of the Middle Ages. This artistic movement is characterized by the use of light, brought with it (architecturally speaking) prodigious cathedrals full of light as well as with a great height, being these its main technical contributions, another of its characteristics is that it became independent from other plastic arts such as painting and sculpture and focused more on architecture. ()fuente

• The Renaissance, (my favorite artistic movement) marks the beginning of the Modern Age, a historical period that is usually established between the discovery of America in 1492 and the French Revolution in 1789. The term "Renaissance" comes from Italian Rinascita and was coined by the artist and historian Giorgio Vasari in his Lives (1542-1550), alluding to the rebirth of classical culture after medieval obscurantism. Among its characteristics we can get a strong bond between art and nature, as well as paganism is introduced into Renaissance art as a counterpoint to the hermetic and closed world of the medieval in which God was the end of everything. We also find The "patronage": the upper classes sponsored and commissioned works constantly, since art was seen as an instrument of prestige and refinement, which led to a moment of great brilliance in all artistic disciplines. The main centers of patronage were the Florence of the Medici in the Quattrocento and the Papal Rome in the Cinquecento. It is often said that the renaissance house is Florence, Italy. Among its great artists we find authors such as: Da Vinci, Giorgio Vasari, Miguel Angel, and Masaccio. His main contribution was probably the sfumato.() fuente

• The Baroque, in addition to a period in the history of art, was a cultural movement that extended into literature, sculpture, painting, dance and music from about 1600 to 1750. The Baroque period is located between the Mannerist and Rococo periods, although some definitions include both movements as part of the Baroque and, therefore, place it between Renaissance and Neoclassical art. It is framed in a time in which the Catholic Church had to react against numerous cultural revolutionary movements that produced a new science and new forms of religion, such as the Protestant Reformation. Each of the Fine Arts has representatives in this cultural movement: In music can be Antonio Vivaldi and Johann Sebastian Bach, In Spanish literature are Luis de Góngora and Francisco de Quevedo and Villegas, In Italian painting are Pietro da Cortona, Caravaggio, and the Carracci, In Italian sculpture the most famous exponent of the Baroque It's Bernini. In the Mexican sculpture is represented by Jerónimo Balbás, etc. In the architecture, Borromini . () fuente

• Romanticism is a cultural and political movement originated in the United Kingdom and Germany in the late eighteenth century as a revolutionary reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism, giving importance to feeling. Its fundamental characteristic is the break with the neoclassicist tradition based on a set of stereotyped rules. Authentic freedom is his constant search, that's why his revolutionary trait is unquestionable. (That is to say that here we become more spiritual and look more in retrospect). As characteristics, we have: The consciousness of the Self as an autonomous entity and The strong nationalist tendency. () fuente

• Realism in the arts tends to go against romanticism and to represent characters, situations and objects of everyday life in a credible way. It tends to discard heroic themes (so expensive to classicism, which represents them with an idealist perspective) in favor of more neutral themes, attached to the earth. Among his artists are Gustave Courbet, Ingres and Arno Breker. () fuente

• Post-Impressionism was largely popularized by the great artist (and my favorite) Vincent van Gogh This term was just an extension of impressionism as a rejection of its limitations. The post-impressionists continued to use bright colors, a compact application of paint, distinguishable brush strokes and real-life themes, but they tried to bring more emotion and expression to their painting. Reacted against the desire to faithfully reflect nature and presented a more subjective view of the world, among its artists stand out names such as Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Harry Lachman, Georges Seurat, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and the aforementioned Vincent van Gogh () fuente

• Contemporary art is often defined as art made after World War II. Art museums call contemporary collections the collections of this period. In its broadest sense, contemporary art is everything that is developed following the ideologies and artistic currents of our time. Here we also find Contemporary Art Centers, Contrary to museums, their goal is not conservation or the constitution of a heritage. In other words, its function is not to collect. They hold exhibitions or artistic projects based on their editorial profile, with the aim of disseminating and promoting contemporary art. () fuente

I invite you to investigate more about the history of art, this is hardly an appetizer of what the art world hides behind a smoke screen.