SOCIAL CHANGE

PRELIMINARY

We all recognize that change is a consequence of human life that continues to gain internal and external influence on the order of life in our society. So there is no society that stops the change. The most important thing for us is how we make the best plan change to condition society in the future better than current condition.

Change itself will be able to deliver human to the essence of life that aspired to achieve a peaceful atmosphere of life, prosperous, harmonious and in religious terms is called happily. Viewed from the point of religion that the change is very important to be done by humans to improve tarap life and to develop society at a better stage and this is also exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad and his companions to do the Hijrah from Makkah to Medina which is a change the direction of the struggle to achieve progress in the development of Islamic da'wah. In the Qur'an letter Ar-Ra'du verse 11 Allah has also indicated that making changes to the better is very important to do. This paper will discuss social changes including the introduction, understanding of social change, theories of social change, the causes of social change, change and development, planned social change in the context of Islamic communion,

DISCUSSION

A. Understanding Social Change

Change is defined as a matter or state of change, transition and exchange. [1] Thus change is a process that results in the present state different from the previous state, because of changes or exchanges. William F. Greg imposed restrictions on the meaning of social change only on cultural elements. [2] Kingsley Davis argues that social change is a change in the structure of society. For example, with the emergence of labor organizations in capitalist societies, there are changes in relations between workers and employers, then changes in economic and political organizations. [3]

Changes have broad aspects, including those relating to values, norms, behaviors, social organizations, social layers, power, authority and social interaction. According to Koenjaraningrat social change itself includes values ​​that are material and cultural specific to achieve common goals. Thus the community is a social group that inhabits a place. The term social itself is used to express the association and the relationship between man and his life, this happens to society on a regular basis, so the way this relationship changes in the course of time, thus leading to the change of society. [4]

Change is a social process that is experienced by society and all elements of culture and social system, where all levels of community life are voluntarily or influenced by external elements leave the patterns of life, culture and social system long ago adjust to or use patterns- patterns of life, culture, and new social systems. [5] As has been expressed above the change is as a matter or state of change, transition and exchange, then the change itself takes place a process that will result in social change. Thus change is a process that results in a state of difference now with the former state.

B. Change and Development

The developed society has undergone many changes, both in the economic, social and other fields, this is experienced by the people. Changes that occur are the influence of the progress of science, technology and transformation that serve as the foundation to develop development in all fields. Real change happens will bring modern life to society. Din Samsuddin said that bringing one of the forms of social change that often becomes a conversation in a developing country is a change generated by development (modernization). Development is a process of transition from traditional old life to advanced (modern) life. [10]

Rogers as dictated by Zulkarimin to define modernization of development is a process of occurrence at the level or levels of social systems, whereas modernization refers to the processes that occur in individuals, therefore the changes experienced are all levels of society. [11]

Anyone who pioneered the movement and planned social change can be categorized as a change agent. Change Agent is someone who helps the implementation of social change or the planned innovation. The role of change agents in the process of community development according to O.Gorman as quoted by Zulkarimen Nasution are:

Identify objectives and problems

Identify the use of leadership and organizational resources

Priority setting, plans and evaluation. [12]

Progress experienced by a region in all its fields at this time can not be separated from the role of agent change. The change in question is a form of development that is being perceived by society. Development will take place if, the development itself is done with planned change, by reviewing which elements are needed in the development process itself.

C. Theories of Social Change

Society always changes from time to time. Some assume that the change is like a cycle that is always spinning and there is no end. Anyone who thinks that a certain change refers to a better condition. Others think that there is no possibility of change if there is no trigger, such as a reciprocal relationship. The following are some of the views or perspectives of social change advanced by experts as follows:

1. Sosiohistorical Theory

This theory puts a variable historical background by emphasizing the evolutionary process as an important factor of change. This perspective looks at two distinctly different dimensions of assumptions, among others;

Change as a cycle; Change as development.

Change as a cycle will be hard to know the end of the change. This assumption views history as an endless cycle. Ibn Khaldun is one of the proponents of the sociohistorical theory, which poses change, as a cycle that focuses on the form and level of group organization with different socio-cultural backgrounds. Such social change model is usually adopted by people in the East, especially China. While Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, and Emile Durkheim are adherents of perspectives that see change as development. Every society will gradually change towards a more advanced, complex and modern.

1. Structural Functionalism Theory

This theory sees social change as an adaptive dynamic toward a new equilibrium, a result of changes in the external environment.

1. Social Psychology Theories

This theory is social change, as a result of the role of individual actors to berkereasi and grow.

1. Conflict Theory

In conflict theory is explained how social change is usually caused by social dissociative process in society. The conflict theory speaks openly of many societal changes. The central character of this conflict is Karl Marx who bases himself on an assumption that implies contradiction as the substance of everything, both natural and human, as well as the central fact of all things. Strauss says that conflict and contradiction are a bargaining process between several forces to get to social order and every society will always experience the process.

Thus, in order for human beings to survive with the changes that occur both within them and the changes that occur in their disintegration, these four functions must be able to be implemented. And this not only applies to humans as individuals, but also applies to humans as social groups. Taking action that is real both individual action and social action is the main key to the functioning of the four things above. If the functioning occurs, then all the changes that occur can be lived as a natural thing and as a natural process that will actually nourish the human community itself.

D. Causes of Social Change

The process of changing society is basically a change in life behavior patterns of all new social norms in a balanced, progressive and sustainable way. Polo-the pattern of old society life that is considered outdated and irrelevant will be replaced with new life patterns that are not in accordance with current and future needs. [6] Others argue that the change also occurs in a society can be caused by disruption of balance or absence of synchronization, disruption of this balance will result in tensions within the human body, in addition there is also a dissatisfaction of a society to the existing cultural conditions.

On the other hand dominant in the change itself, should not be denied because of new invention (invention), increasing population and culture (culture). [7] The aspiration of an individual or group in the implementation of social change is strongly influenced by the innovation and adaptation of any emerging technologies, or visible in the midst of society, both internal and external (extrinsic) technologies of the country. This phenomenon illustrates that the importance of innovation for progress and change in a society, so that eventually can be used as part of civilization society.

Related to this O.P.Darma and O.P.Bhatnagar noted there are at least four factors that stimulate changes in humans are:

Humans continually strive to modify natural resources in the form of solving problems.

These efforts are made by humans to meet their needs, complement and refine the changes that are sustainably created in the human environment.

The competitive process of comparing one's ability with others is largely determined by the thrust of innovation.

In the case of a very sad disorganization is the habit of society is usually very little in work in the new environment as a stimulus to make changes. [8]

Based on the reviews of these figures, then a comprehensive change requires stimuli that can motivate the object of the goal of change. Equally important is the extent to which the spirit can have an impact, both positively and negatively, it is understood automatically that the stimulus will be quickly accepted if it brings benefits to the recipient of the change itself.

Many things that cause the change to the community include:

Due to the progress of science and technology

Progress of communication and transformation

Urbanization experienced by the community

Increased expectations and demands of society. [9]

E. Planned Social Change in the context of Islamic Communication

Islam as a universal religion where all the teachings that exist in it will never experience the term obsolete or passive (passive), but on the contrary the teachings of Islam will always be able to adjust to the progress of the times, meaning that his teachings will always be relevant to the changes and developments occurs in modern times. Besides, also that this teaching will always be able to give answers about all kinds of problems (problems) of life experienced by humans, it is known that the teachings of Islam is absolute (pure) that contains the teachings of revelation and reason, known as the aqli argument and naqli.

In the teachings of Islam are commanded to develop good communication with khalih (hablumminallah) as well as fellow human beings themselves (hablumminannas) purpose of establishing this communication solely to fulfill the humanity itself, where every human wants the happiness of both the world and the hereafter. To get it of course every human beings both individually and group of personality that islami. To change a person's behavior in social life requires an effective communication plan and mature steps in the teachings of Islam is known as da'wah. People who do da'wah also can be categorized as a planned agent of social change, in this regard Abd Rosyad Shaleh put forward several steps in holding da'wah namely:

Estimating and calculating the future

Determining and formulating objectives in the context of achieving the goal of da'wah

Establish da'wah actions and priorities

Setting the right method

Establish and schedule implementation time

Set location

Establish fees and facilities as well as other matters deemed necessary. [13]

So the role of Islamic communication in the social change of society is a significant thing because in running its role always prioritize the teachings of Islam. Religion can be positioned in three places, namely: first play a role in giving sprit and inspiration for the process of change to the positive. Both provide norms and limitations in making social change. Third reward the agent of change itself.