100 Women: Five things I learned as a woman in Silicon Valley

The BBC's 100 Women 2017 season is tackling some of the biggest issues facing women around the world and has given teams of experts a week to change the world. It kicked off by challenging women working at the home of hi-tech industries in California's Silicon Valley to smash the glass ceiling, as the BBC's Nuala McGovern reports. Here are her five findings:

1. They will show up
   We gave our team of four women just five days to make a product that would change women's lives in the workplace. A mammoth task in a minimal amount of time.
   But from day one, they started making connections to make it happen. They reached out to networks of strangers and a huge variety of women were willing to pitch in.
   Meet the women reshaping Silicon Valley
   We had a Spanish diversity expert Skypeing in from Copenhagen, a wearable tech expert hopped on a plane from New York and even a couple of men showed up.

Dwight had "introvert" stamped on his baseball cap and didn't say much, but worked through the night with our women to invent something to crack that glass ceiling.

1. Women have been invited to the party, but they haven't been asked to dance
   So what was the catalyst for their inventions? Enter our case studies: Erin who had trouble speaking up in meetings (more on Erin later), and Lea who described working in the "bro-culture" of Silicon Valley.
   The term refers to the dominance of young white men that can create an environment that is unwelcoming to women and has been cited as one of the reasons that women drop out of the industry at twice the rate of men.
   Lea described it as like "1000 little cuts" - ranging from inappropriate comments to unprofessional interviews to feeling outnumbered in meetings.
   A well-known Silicon Valley saying is "move fast and break things", but the women I met said too many people are also getting broken in the process.
2. Take up the space you deserve
   In what is sometimes a toxic environment for women, it's useful to keep adding tools to your survival toolkit.
   Amy Cuddy is a body language expert and many people (including me) have taken her advice on how your body can change how you feel. She flew in to give advice to Erin, who finds it tough to speak up in meetings.
   She told Erin to "take the space you deserve". Don't collapse into yourself when you find the going a little tough in meetings, interviews or other challenging situations.
   Keep that hand away from your neck, your hair. Shoulders back and hands on the table. All these actions create a neurological response that helps us perform at our best.
   She is also now exploring the concept of 'presence' - of remaining your true self and completely within the moment rather than worrying about the future or the past.
3. The glass ceiling is titanium for some
   Many of the women I spoke to pointed out that it is not a level playing field even among women themselves - your chances of success in the tech industry dwindle the further you are outside the norm.
   So if you are a black or Latina woman in tech you have an even steeper mountain to climb.

At our World Service radio brainstorm on the topic, one of our panellists, Shellye Archambeau, pointed out that black women made up just 0.1% of CEOS in the Valley.
As The Guardian recently reported, participation in the tech industry by Latino and black industry professionals is actually on the decline - and although Asians are still being hired they are less likely than their white counterparts to make it up the ladder.
Experts say part of the problem is that managers tend to hire in their own image, or at least an image that they associate with success.
In the run-up to our Challenge Week we heard from Eileen Carey, CEO of start-up Glassbreakers, who as a natural blonde was advised to dye her hair brown for this reason.

1. Be the change you want to see
   It might sound like I'm down on Silicon Valley. I'm not. It's an extraordinary place, filled with fabulously inventive people creating things we don't even know we need yet that will become essential to our lives.
   I loved using an adult-sized slide every morning in the workplace and I loved people bringing their dogs to work. I had access to a 3D printer for whatever invention I might envision that day but there is also a diversity issue in the boardrooms of this industry that needs to be solved.
   So what did our geeks make? They repeated the mantra "be the change you want to see". And after five days and very little sleep, they delivered:
   An app that monitors speech in meetings
   An elegant silver necklace that is actually wearable tech - and allows you to send positive messages to your female colleagues during meetings
   A huge A-Frame installation that required me to dress as Rosie the Riveter
   We drove it in a pick-up truck through downtown Palo Alto in rush hour to test on the public.
   It gathered stories of sexism from around the world and retold them in both a woman and a man's voice to raise awareness and provoke discussion.
   In an area like Silicon Valley with so many huge brains centred in one place - including those of our experts - and a great appetite to disrupt the current status quo, it feels like there must be real change on the horizon.
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