Great Women From Indonesia

Cut Nyak Dhien (old spelling: Tjoet Nja 'Dhien , Lampadang , Kingdom of Aceh , 1848 - Sumedang , West Java , 6 November 1908 ; buried in Mount Puyuh, Sumedang) is an Indonesian National Hero from Aceh who fought against the Dutch during the Aceh War . After the territory of VI Mukim was attacked, he fled, while her husband Ibrahim Lamnga fought against the Dutch . Ibrahim Lamnga died in Gle Tarum on 29 June 1878 which caused Cut Nyak Dhien to be very angry and vowed to destroy the Dutch.

Teuku Umar , one of the figures against the Dutch applying for Cut Nyak Dhien. At first Cut Nyak Dhien refused, but because Teuku Umar allowed him to join the battlefield, Cut Nyak Dhien agreed to marry him in 1880 . They are blessed with a child named Cut Gambang . [1] After his marriage to Teuku Umar , Cut Nyak Dhien along with Teuku Umar fought together against the Dutch. However, Teuku Umar died while attacking Meulaboh on February 11, 1899 , so he fought alone in the interior of Meulaboh with his small army. Cut Nyak Dien was old and had gout diseaseand myopic , so that one of his troops named Pang Laot reported his existence out of compassion. [2] [3] He was eventually arrested and taken to Banda Aceh. There he was treated and his illness began to heal. However, its existence adds to the spirit of resistance of the people of Aceh. He is also still in touch with the Acehnese warriors who have not been caught yet. As a result, Dhien was banished to Sumedang. Tjoet Nyak Dhien died on November 6, 1908 and was buried in Mount Puyuh, Sumedang. The name Cut Nyak Dhien is now immortalized as Cut Nyak Dhien Nagan Raya Airport in Meulaboh. (Wikipedia)
Cut Nyak Dhien was born to a devout noble family in Aceh Besar , the Mukim VI region in 1848 . His father was Teuku Nanta Seutia , a Mukim uleebalang VI , who is also a descendant of Datuk Makhudum Sati , a nomad from Minangkabau . Datuk Makhudum Sati is a descendant of Rear Admiral Nanta who is a representative of the Aceh Sultanate during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda in Pariaman. [4] . Datuk Makhudum Sati probably came to Aceh in the 18th century when the sultanate of Aceh was governed by Sultan Jamalul Badrul Munir.[2] [5] . While her mother is the daughter of Lampageu uleebalang .

In his childhood, Cut Nyak Dhien was a beautiful child. [2] He received education in the field of religion (educated by parents or religious teachers ) and households (cooking, serving husbands, and concerning daily life educated by both parents). Many men love Cut Nyak Dhien and try to propose to her. At the age of 12, he was married by his parents in 1862 with Teuku Cek Ibrahim Lamnga [2] [5] , son of uleebalang Lamnga XIII. They have one son.

On March 26, 1873 , the Dutch declared war on Aceh , and began firing cannon fire into the mainland of Aceh from the warship Citadel van Antwerpen . The Aceh war erupted. In the first war ( 1873 - 1874 ), Aceh led by Panglima Polim and Sultan Machmud Syah fought against the Dutch led by Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler . At that time, the Dutch sent 3,198 soldiers. Then, on April 8, 1873 , the Netherlandslanded on Ceureumen Beach under Köhler's command, and immediately took control of the Baiturrahman Great Mosque and burned it. The Aceh Sultanate can win the first war . Ibrahim Lamnga who fought on the front line returned with a triumphant win, while Köhler was shot dead in April 1873 .

In 1874 - 1880 , under the leadership of General Jan van Swieten , the Mukim VI region could be occupied by the Dutch in 1873 , while the Sultan's palace fell in 1874 . Cut Nyak Dhien and her baby finally evacuated with mothers and other groups on December 24, 1875 . Her husband next fought to reclaim the Mukim VI area. When Ibrahim Lamnga fought in Gle Tarum, he was killed on 29 June 1878 . This made Cut Nyak Dhien very angry and vowed to destroy the Dutch.

Teuku Umar, an Acehnese warrior, applied for Cut Nyak Dhien. At first Cut Nyak Dhien refused. However, because Teuku Umar invited him to fight in the battlefield, Cut Nyak Dien finally accepted it and remarried to Teuku Umar in 1880 . This enhanced the morale of Aceh's struggle against Kaphe Ulanda (Dutch Kafir). Later, Cut Nyak Dhien and Teuku Umar have children named Cut Gambang.

The war continued guerrilla warfare and waged fi'sabilillah . Around 1875 , Teuku Umar made a move by approaching the Netherlands and his relationship with the Dutch became stronger. On September 30, 1893 , Teuku Umar and his army of 250 people went to Kutaraja and "surrendered" to the Dutch . The Dutch were very happy because the dangerous enemy wanted to help them, so they gave Teuku Umar the title of Teuku Umar Johan Pahlawanand made him the commander of the Dutch army unit with full power. Teuku Umar concealed a plan to deceive the Dutch, even though he was accused of being a traitor by the Acehnese. Cut Nyak Dien tried to advise him to return against the Dutch . However, Teuku Umar is still in contact with the Dutch. Umar then tried to learn Dutch tactics, while slowly replacing as many Dutch people as possible in the unit he controlled. When the number of Acehnese in the army was enough, Teuku Umar did a false plan on the Dutchman and claimed that he wanted to attack the Aceh base. [1]

Teuku Umar , Cut Nyak Dhien's second husband.
Teuku Umar and Cut Nyak Dhien left with all the troops and heavy equipment, weapons, and Dutch ammunition, never to return. This betrayal is called Het verraad van Teukoe Oemar (betrayal of Teuku Umar).

Teuku Umar who betrayed the Dutch caused the Dutch angry and launched a massive operation to capture both Cut Nyak Dhien and Teuku Umar. [1] [2] However, the guerrillas are now equipped with equipment from the Netherlands . They started attacking the Dutch while Jend. Van Swieten replaced. His successor, Gen. Jakobus Ludovicius Hubertus Pel , was quickly killed and the Dutch troops were in chaos. [1] The Dutch then revoked the title of Teuku Umar and set fire to his house, and also pursued his existence. [2]

Dien and Umar continued to pressure the Dutch, then attacked Banda Aceh (Kutaraja) and Meulaboh (the former base of Teuku Umar), so the Dutch continued to replace the general in charge. The unit " Maréchaussée " is then sent to Aceh. They are considered barbaric and very difficult to conquer by the Acehnese. In addition, most of the "De Marsose" troops were Chinese-Ambonese who destroyed everything in their path. As a result of this, the Dutch troops felt sympathy for the Acehnese and Van der Heyden dissolved the unit "De Marsose". [1]This event also led to the success of the next generals because many people who did not participate in the jihad lost their lives, and the fear remained in the people of Aceh.

General Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz exploited this fear and began hiring Acehnese to spy on the rebel forces as informers so that the Dutch discovered Teuku Umar's plan to attack Meulaboh on 11 February 1899 . Finally, Teuku Umar was killed by bullets. When Cut Gambang, son of Cut Nyak Dhien, weeping over his father's death, he was slapped by his mother who then embraced him and said: As Acehnese women, we should not shed tears on the martyrs

Cut Nyak Dien then led the resistance against the Dutch in the hinterland of Meulaboh with his small army and tried to forget her husband. These troops continued to fight until its destruction in 1901 because the Dutch army was accustomed to fighting in the battlefield of Aceh. In addition, Cut Nyak Dien is getting older. His eyes had begun to suffocate, and he was exposed to gout disease and also the number of his troops continued to decrease, as well as difficult to obtain food. This made the troops pity.

Cut Nyak Dhien's boy named Pang Laot reported the location of his headquarters to the Netherlands because of compassion. As a result, the Dutch attacked Cut Nyak Dien's headquarters in Beutong Le Sageu. They were shocked and fought furiously. Dhien tried to take rencong and try to fight the enemy. However, the action Dhien successfully stopped by the Dutch. Cut Nyak Dhien was arrested, while Cut Gambang managed to escape into the forest and continued the fight that had been done by his father and mother.

After being arrested, Cut Nyak Dhien was taken to Banda Aceh and treated there. The illness is myopic and rheumatism gradually heals. However, Cut Nyak Dien was eventually banished to Sumedang, West Java , due to Dutch fears that his presence would create a spirit of resistance and also because he kept in touch with unchallenged fighters.

He was taken to Sumedang along with other Acehnese political prisoners and attracted the attention of the regent of Suriaatmaja. In addition, male prisoners also expressed their concern for Cut Nyak Dhien, but the Dutch army was forbidden to reveal the identity of the prisoners. He was arrested alongside a cleric named Ilyas who soon realized that Cut Nyak Dhien was an expert in Islam , so he was nicknamed "Ibu Perbu".

On November 6, 1908, Cut Nyak Dhien died of his age. The grave of "Ibu Perbu" was only discovered in 1959 at the request of the then Governor of Aceh , Ali Hasan . "Ibu Perbu" was acknowledged by President Soekarno as National Hero of Indonesia through Presidential Decree No. No.106 of 1964 on 2 May 1964 .

According to the cemetery guard, Cut Nyak Dhien's grave was only discovered in 1959 at the request of Aceh Governor Ali Hasan. Searches are performed based on data found in the Netherlands. [7] The people of Aceh in Sumedang often hold a gathering ceremony . At the event, participants made a pilgrimage to the tomb of Cut Nyak Dhien with a distance of about two kilometers . [7] According to tomb administrators, Acehnese people in Bandung often hold annual events and make pilgrimages after the first day of Idul Fitri . In addition, Acehnese from Jakarta hold Haul events every November

Cut Nyak Dhien's grave was first restored in 1987 and can be seen through a memorial memorial near the entrance written about the inauguration of the tomb signed by Aceh Governor Ibrahim Hasan on 7 December 1987 . Tomb Cut Nyak Dhien surrounded by an iron fence planted with concrete with an area of ​​1500 m 2 . Behind the tomb there is a musholla and to the left of the tomb there are many nissan stones which are said to be the graves of the clerical family of H. Sanusi. [7]

On the stone nissan Cut Nyak Dhien, written memoir life, Arabic writing , Surah At-Taubah and Al-Fajr , and the story of Aceh.

The number of pilgrims to the cemetery Cut Nyak Dhien was reduced because the Free Aceh Movement was fighting in Aceh for independence from the Republic of Indonesia . In addition, the area of ​​this tomb is quiet due to frequent supervision by the authorities. [7]

Now, this tomb gets the cost of care from the charity box in the tomb area because the government does not provide funds Sumedang