Why Enigma’s Privacy Protocol Will Power Our Decentralized Future | 为什么 Enigma 的隐私协议将加速我们去中心化的未来
Six real world applications for Enigma — and how you can help us build
六类针对现实世界的 Enigma 应用 - 以及如何帮助我们创建这些应用
本文翻译自：https://blog.enigma.co/why-enigmas-privacy-protocol-will-power-our-decentralized-future-aedb8c9ee2f6
作者：Enigma 团队
我们的协议专注于提高区块链的隐私和可扩展性。并且开发了一个数据驱动的数字货币投资和交易平台 Catalyst
翻译时间：2017-12-20
本文由币乎社区（bihu.com）内容支持计划奖励。
Hello from the Enigma ($ENG) team! For the past months, we have been hard at work on the Enigma protocol as well as Catalyst development. Catalyst — a powerful platform for data-driven crypto trading and investing — is our first application of the Enigma protocol.
Recently we announced our biggest Catalyst release yet — a major upgrade that brings new exchange support and paper trading. As big as this news is, Catalyst is just one potential application of the Enigma protocol out of thousands, and we are hard at work laying the groundwork for creating many more.
大家好，这里是 Enigma 团队！在过去的几个月中，我们一直在 Enigma 协议开发以及 Catalyst 应用开发方面努力工作。Catalyst , 一个数据驱动的数字货币交易和投资的强大平台 — 也是我们使用 Enigma 协议的第一个应用。
最近我们宣布了最酷最新版本的 Catalyst — 这是一次重大的升级，支持新的交易所和模拟交易功能。与此同样重大的是，Catalyst 只是潜在的成千上万基于 Enigma 协议开发的应用中的一个， 而且我们正在努力为创造更多的应用奠定基础。
Today, rather than focusing on our rapid development in the present, we want to talk more about the decentralized future Enigma is building towards with our protocol. The question we hear most often from our community, especially newer members, is: “Why does the world need Enigma?” The short answer is — blockchains are broken, and we are fixing them. Our technology enables truly decentralized, secure applications by solving for privacy.
We’re about to explain more. But the longer answer involves another, more important question: “With Enigma, what can we build?” And here is where the excitement truly lies. We are facing the opportunity to completely reshape dozens of industries, each with tens or hundreds of billions of dollars of unlockable value, if we can solve the two major issues of blockchains: scalability and privacy.
今天，我们不想把注意力放在当前的快速开发上，而是想要更多地讨论，通过使用我们的协议，Enigma 正在如何构建我们去中心化的未来。我们最经常听到我们社区，特别是新成员的提问：“为什么世界需要 Enigma？”，简要的回答是：我们正在修复破碎的区块链。我们的技术通过解决隐私问题，来实现真正去中心化、安全的应用。
我们将做更多解释。对这个问题详细的回答涉及另外一个更重要的问题：“有了 Enigma，我们能创建什么？” 这就是激动人心之所在。如果我们能够解决区块链的两个主要问题：可扩展性和私密性，我们面对的将是完全重塑数十个行业的机会，每个行业都具有数百或数千亿美元的创造价值 。
In this important post, we’ll explain six of these opportunities that go well beyond Catalyst. Importantly, we are already exploring each of these opportunities with potential partners. For each opportunity, we’ll explain how the Enigma protocol is necessary to build the decentralized future.
We’ll close with a call to action for those looking to build the decentralized future with us. We are making resources available for projects who are looking to build on the Enigma protocol — so please read to the very end to find out more.
在这篇重要的文章中，我们将讲解其中远远超过 Catalyst 价值的六个机会。重要的是，我们已经正在和潜在的合作伙伴一起探索这些机会。 对于每个机会，为了构建去中心化的未来，我们将解释为什么 Enigma 协议是必需的。
对于那些希望与我们一起建立去中心化的未来的人，我们将进行鼓励和帮助。我们正在为希望建立在 Enigma 协议上的项目提供资源 - 所以请仔细阅读以了解更多信息。
Beating the Barriers to Blockchain | 打破区块链的壁垒
Before we talk about our promise, let’s start in our present — looking at the reality of blockchains. Blockchains are a powerful technology, but today they are impractical and mostly unusable at scale. Currently computing capacity on blockchain is slow and it is expensive. In addition, on-chain data is visible to everyone. As a result, most data must still be stored off-chain in centralized databases. This means that “decentralized applications” are either not truly decentralized, or they cannot scale and cannot use any sensitive data, seriously limiting their utility.
This lack of privacy is a substantial barrier to widespread adoption by Fortune 500 companies. If companies cannot protect their data and trade secrets, they will not adopt blockchain technology. As a result, a critical component to the success of the “smart economy” and blockchain is the ability for dApps to anonymously analyze data.
在我们讨论我们的承诺之前，让我们从现在开始 - 看看区块链的现状。区块链是一项强大的技术，但是目前来看它们是不切实际的，大规模应用时几乎无法使用。 目前区块链上的计算能力很慢，而且代价昂贵。另外，链上数据对每个人都是可见的。因此，大部分数据仍然必须以中心数据库的形式存储在链外。这意味着“去中心化的应用” 要么不是真正的去中心化，要么不能大规模使用，并且由于不能使用任何敏感数据，也严重限制了区块链的应用范围。
隐私问题是区块链技术被财富500强公司广泛采用的实质性障碍。如果公司不能保护他们的数据和商业秘密，他们就不会采用区块链技术。因此，dApps(去中心化应用)匿名分析数据的能力是“智能经济”和区块链成功的关键因素。
Fortunately, this problem is not impossible. Based on our CEO’s MIT thesis, Enigma solves blockchain’s scalability and privacy issues from the protocol level with a second-layer, off-chain network. Key to this is Enigma’s “secret contracts”, which allow data to be processed by nodes in the Enigma network while still being kept private. Through this innovative architecture, we are creating a truly decentralized and secure solution on which innovative applications can be built.
What we know is important, however, is not just what we say we are building: it is what we are actually able to create together with our community and our partners. Our recent partnership announcement with Aion shows our dedication to bringing our technology to scale — and more partnership announcements will come in the near future.
So what can we create?
幸运地是，解决这个问题并不是不可能的。基于我们首席执行官的 MIT 的论文，Enigma 利用第二层的链下网络从协议层面解决了区块链的可扩展性和隐私问题。 解决这个问题的关键在于 Enigma 的“私密合约”，它允许数据在保持私密性的同时，由 Enigma 网络中的节点进行处理。通过这个创新的架构，我们正在创建一个真正的去中心化和安全的解决方案，创新应用可以在这个解决方案的基础上构建。
然而，我们知道的重要的不仅仅在于我们正在建设的东西：这也是我们实际上能够与我们的社区和我们的合作伙伴共同创造的东西。
我们最近与Aion的合作公告 显示我们正致力于扩大我们的技术的应用范围 - 而且更多的合作公告将在不久的将来发布。
那么我们可以创建什么？
The Potential of Our Protocol | 协议的潜力
We don’t just speak hypothetically about our future — we are already building. Our first application for the Enigma protocol, Catalyst, is live and ready for you to use. We are actively growing the cryptofinancial data marketplace (and the critical partners) that will power it into the future. This opportunity alone can disrupt an important industry — financial data — with tens of billions of dollars in annual revenue. But again, this is only the beginning.
Below, we will explore just a few important additional use cases for the Enigma protocol that show its huge potential in changing how the world will operate in a more decentralized future. In all of these ideas, “secret” smart contracts that preserve data privacy while still allowing for computation are required — meaning our technology will be essential.
我们不是在虚构我们的未来 - 而是正在构建未来。Enigma 协议的第一个应用 Catalyst 是现场可用的。我们正在积极推广加密金融数据市场（以及发展我们关键的合作伙伴），所有这些都将成为未来发展的动力。单单这个机会就会瓦解一个重要的行业 - 财务数据行业 - 年营收达数百亿美元的行业。 但是，这仅仅只是开始。
下面我们将探讨 Enigma 协议的一些其它重要的应用场景，这些用例显示了它改变世界的巨大潜力，让世界运行在一个更加去中心化的未来中。所有的这些用例中，在保证数据隐私的同时，依然可以进行数据计算的“私秘”智能合约是必需的，这意味着我们的技术将是必不可少的。
Importantly, for all of the use cases we name below, we are already speaking with potential partners. Through our participation in programs like MIT’s STEX 25 — an accelerator for high-potential companies focused on industry partnerships — we will reach even more large companies that are focused on these opportunities.
We are always looking to connect with projects and companies who want to build with us. See if one of these use cases is important to you.
重要的是，对于下面的所有用例，我们都已经和潜在的合作伙伴进行了讨论和交流。 通过参加像麻省理工学院的 STEX 25这样的项目 — 这个项目是专注于行业合作的高潜力公司的加速器 — 我们将会接触到更多关注这些机会的大公司。
我们一直在寻找期望与我们合作的项目和公司。下面这些用例，看看其中哪类应用对你来说是重要的。
Data Marketplace for Personal Data | 个人数据市场
Addressable Market Value — $100,000,000,000+
潜在市场规模 - 100,000,000,000美元+
One of the “killer apps” for the Enigma protocol is a decentralized data marketplace, built to facilitate the secure exchange of data. Any such marketplace needs to be scalable and must also allow for sensitive data to be shared — otherwise the potential is extremely limited, regardless of who participates. This is why the Enigma protocol is perfectly suited for such an application.
Enigma 协议的“杀手级应用”之一是去中心化数据市场，旨在促进数据的安全交换。任何这样的市场都需要可扩展性，同时必须允许敏感数据的分享 - 否则无论谁参与，潜力都是非常有限的。这就是为什么 Enigma 协议对于这类应用是完全适合的。
Since we first announced our plans to build a data marketplace, many proposed implementations of this idea have emerged — but each has limitations. One issue that is often disregarded is the problem of data escape. In other words, if an individual or entity sells their data once, then the buyer of the data can resell the purchased data set. The only way to eliminate this problem is to be able to do computations while ensuring the privacy of the data. Only by using privacy-preserving computations can data providers in data marketplaces retain true ownership of their data. For this reason and others, we believe that any secure, decentralized data marketplace must run on the Enigma protocol.
自从我们首次宣布我们构建数据市场的计划以来，出现了许多如何实现这个想法的提议 - 但都有其局限性。数据逃逸(data escape)的问题经常被忽视。就是说，如果一个人或其它实体只要出售了他们的数据一次，那么数据的购买者就可以转售它所购买的数据。解决这个问题的唯一方法是要能够在确保数据隐私的同时进行“计算”。只有使用隐私保护计算方案，数据市场中的数据提供者才能保留数据的真正所有权。基于这个原因和其他原因，我们认为任何安全的，去中心化的数据市场都必须运行在 Enigma 协议上。
This idea is especially relevant due to recent global developments focusing on personal data. The European Union is passing a regulation called General Data Privacy Regulation (GDPR) that enables all EU citizens to get access to personal data that is collected by companies. This ranges from Google and Facebook data to any personally identifiable data. While an individual’s data is unlikely to be meaningful, privacy preserving computations (which Enigma enables) can enable a cohort of users to collectively monetize their data.
由于最近的全球发展聚焦于个人数据，这个观念尤其重要。欧盟正在通过一项名为通用数据隐私条例（GDPR）的规定，允许所有欧盟公民拥有由公司收集的个人数据的访问权限。数据范围包括谷歌、Facebook 到任何个人可识别的数据。虽然单独的个人数据可能意义不太，但是隐私保护计算（由 Enigma 实现）可以使一组用户共同将他们的数据货币化。
Computations on Genomics Data | 基因组数据的计算
Addressable Market Value — $50B to $100B
潜在市场规模 - 500亿至100亿美元
Currently genomics sequencing companies create a marketplace where the genomics data of users is sold to pharmaceutical companies. As a user, when you agree to terms and conditions of such service, you yield all the right of your genomics data to the genomic sequencing company. Pharma companies then buy this data in order to predict which genomes have correlation with certain diseases.
However, this approach is not effective both for users and pharma companies, and it can be improved. In a world where users have the opportunity to create a cashflow from their genomics data, they are more likely to get testing. As for pharma companies, they are not able to integrate habits of patients (dietary habits, smoking/drinking etc.) to their analysis because there’s no communication channel between the user and the pharma company. Secure computations can not only create the monetary incentive that helps drive more research but also allow pharma companies to better analyze genomic sequencing and better plan their R&D efforts.
目前，基因组测序公司创建了一个市场，用户的基因组数据被出售给制药公司。作为用户，当您同意此类服务的条款和条件时，您将基因组数据的所有权利都交给了基因组测序公司。然后制药公司购买这些数据，以预测哪些基因组与疾病相关。
但是，这种方法对于用户和制药公司都不太实际，还可以改进。如果有机会通过他们的基因组数据获得连续的收入，他们将更乐意进行基因组测序。对于制药公司而言，由于用户与制药公司之间没有沟通渠道，因此无法将患者习惯（饮食习惯，吸烟/饮酒等）纳入分析。安全计算不仅可以创造出有助于推动更多研究的货币激励机制，还可以让制药公司更好地分析基因组测序数据，并更好地规划他们的研发工作。
Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare Data | 医疗数据的人工智能
Addressable Market Value — $50B to $100B
潜在市场规模 - 500亿至100亿美元
Currently analyzing healthcare data has significant barriers to entry due to questions around data privacy. In most cases, machine learning startups need to go through burdensome, lengthy NDAs with healthcare provider to work with patient data. These lengthy NDAs can be turned into secret smart contracts where institutions with healthcare data can open up their datasets to multiple machine learning startups or researchers in exchange for monetary rewards. Many startups / researchers can compete to fit the best prediction model to different healthcare models.
These models would be run in a distributed setting where both the model and the underlying data remains private. This not only enables the best startups and researchers to easily access data and compete to provide the most accurate results, but also enable individuals to continuously monetize their healthcare data, similar to the genomics data marketplace.
由于存在的数据隐私的问题，目前进入医疗数据分析行业非常困难。在大多数情况下，为了能够取得患者数据以开展工作，机器学习的初创公司需要与医疗服务提供者一起签订繁琐的、冗长的保密协议。在这里我们可以使用私秘智能合约技术来代替这些冗长的保密协议，有医疗保健数据的机构可以开放他们的数据库给多个机器学习初创公司或研究人员，以换取资金回报。这些初创公司、研究人员可以通过竞争将最佳预测模型与不同的医疗模式相匹配。
这些模式将运行在模式和它的底层数据都保持私密的分布式环境中。这样不仅使最优秀的创业公司和研究人员能够轻松访问数据，并且相互竞争，以得到最准确的结果，而且类似于基因组数据市场，还能使个人不断从他们自己的医疗数据中获利。
Credit assessment / Decentralized lending | 信用评估 / 去中心化借贷
Addressable Market Value— $50B to $100B
潜在市场规模 - 500亿至100亿美元
Projects are working towards moving traditional banking services into the decentralized ecosystem. This includes P2P lending services and credit assessment. In order to avoid counterparty risk, these projects need databases that connect to other decentralized applications and update users’ spending and credit payment history.
Imagine that you have 5 different wallets that you can prove ownership of. How can you use those 5 wallets to prove that you are a responsible borrower, without revealing which wallets you actually control? There need to be smart contracts that take in secret transaction data and continuously update the blockchain with new transactions. And these computations, such as dynamic credit score calculation based on multiple crypto-wallets, require privacy.
区块链项目正在努力把传统的银行服务转移到去中心化的生态系统上。包括P2P贷款服务和信用评估。为避免交易的对手风险，这些项目需要能连接到其他去中心化应用的数据库，并更新用户的支出和信用付款记录。
想象一下，你有 5 个不同的钱包，都可以证明是你所拥有的，但在不泄露你实际控制的钱包的情况下，用这五个钱包怎么来证明你是一个负责任的借款人？这需要有可以存放秘密交易数据的智能合约，并且它可以不断用新的交易数据更新区块链。所有这些计算（例如基于多个加密数据钱包的动态信用评分计算）都需要在保护用户隐私的情况下进行。
Identity | 身份
Addressable Market Value — $10B to $50B
潜在市场规模 - 10亿美元至50亿美元
Current decentralized identity applications focus primarily on storing validated identities on blockchains. This approach depends on enabling authentication when a user identity is verified by a centralized entity. While this type of identity verification can be helpful, the impact is limited as no computations can be done on the identity data. Running anonymized analytics on a group of users is not achievable without privacy preserving computations — which Enigma enables.
目前的去中以化身份应用主要关注在区块链上存储验证过的身份。这种方法取决于在中心化的机构验证用户身份后启用身份证明。
虽然这种类型的身份验证是有帮助的，但其影响有限，因为无法对身份数据进行计算。如果没有隐私保护计算，就无法实现对一组用户进行匿名分析, 然而 Enigma 可以实现隐私保护计算。
IoT — Machine Data Marketplace | 物联网 - 机器数据市场
Addressable Market Value— $50B to $100B
潜在市场规模 - 500亿至100亿美元
With the emergence of IoT, a very interesting question comes into play — who owns the data that is generated in the device? Regardless of who owns the device, cohort-based analytics on IoT data without jeopardizing data privacy unlocks significant opportunities for individuals and businesses. There are multiple unsolved challenges here, including ensuring the integrity of data flow from IoT devices to blockchains. The Enigma protocol will be necessary for making any IoT data marketplace truly scalable and useful to all parties.
随着物联网的出现，一个非常有趣的问题就出现了 - 谁拥有这些设备中生成的数据？无论设备是谁拥有，在不危害数据隐私的情况下，
基于同类的 (cohort-based) 物联网数据分析为个人和企业带来了重大机遇。这里面临着多个尚未解决的挑战，包括当数据从物联网设备流向区块链时，如何确保数据的完整性。Enigma 协议是使任何物联网数据市场真正具有可扩展性和对各方有用的必要条件。
Build with Enigma | 同 Enigma 一起创建应用
These are just a few of the many potential applications for the Enigma protocol and secret contracts — and for each of these applications, preserving privacy of data is essential. We hope you are as excited about these opportunities as we are. We’re only just scratching the surface of the potential of blockchains to change the world, and Enigma is just beginning its multi-decade journey.
这些只是 Enigma 协议和私秘合约的许多潜在应用类中的一小部分 - 对于这些类中的每一个应用，保证数据隐私是至关重要的。我们希望你跟我们一样对这些机会感到兴奋。我们只是抓住了区块链的潜力的皮毛，用来改变世界，而且 Enigma 几十年的历程也才刚刚开始。
More information on our technology is available in our whitepapers, and we will be releasing additional blog posts and media that will make all of our ideas more accessible. Future posts will go more in-depth about each of the applications discussed above and how our technology can be applied. We are excited to make Enigma more tangible to a wider audience. You can also watch our CEO’s recent talk at Devcon about some potential applications for the Enigma protocol.
If you’re interested in working together with the team to achieve a more decentralized future and build truly decentralized applications, we’d love to talk with you. We are happy to allocate resources to work together with promising projects that can be built on top of the Enigma protocol. Please come contact our team in Discord or Telegram.
有关我们的技术的更多内容可在我们的白皮书中找到，我们还将发布更多有关的博客文章和媒体视频，向大家介绍我们的所有想法。未来的我们将更深入地讨论上面的每一个应用，以及如何应用我们的技术。
我们很高兴让 Enigma 更具体并具有更广泛的受众。您也可以观看我们的首席执行官最近在 Devcon 上的谈话，了解 Enigma 协议的一些潜在应用。
如果您有兴趣与团队合作，构建真正去中心化的应用，以实现更加去中心化的未来，我们很乐意与您交流。对于构建在 Enigma 协议之上的有前途的项目，我们也很高兴给它分配资源并一起工作。 请在 Discord 或 Telegram 上联系我们的团队。
With excitement, and many thanks,
The Enigma Team
怀着激动、感激的心情
Enigma 团队