The Revolutionary tech behind DxChain

The revolutionary tech that powers DxChain is the chains-on-chain architecture. The architecture consists of a master chain and two side chains. The side chains are: the data chain and the computing chain.

The master chain is similar to that of Bitcoin and Ethereum. It stores the information such as transactions, states, receipts and smart contracts. It is good for storing small pieces of information since it is immutable. The Data Side Chain is built upon a P2P distributed file storage system and stores the non-asset information. It is designed for useful work to solve real business problems and supports specific computing tasks on DxChain Virtual Machine (DVM).

Now let us have a look into the architecture of the system. The DSC and CSC communicate with the master chain through the smart contracts of DxChain Network. Besides, the DSC and the CSC can interoperate each other through the chains-on-chain micro-services. These micro-services include the data and messages. The two side chains are designed to solve the efficiency issue of data storage and computing. The block structure is extended to store more data in the block and reduce the frequencies of the whole chain loading at the same time. Each side chain has its own consensus methods: the CSC uses Provable Data Computation (PDC) and verification game while the DSC uses Proof of Spacetime(PoSt). The master chain and two side chains perform different functionalities. Even though these chains are interconnected through smart contracts and micro-services, physically, the chains are still independent and isolated. The master chain is completely unaffected even when the side chains are broken. Any potential damage of each individual side chain is entirely confined to itself.

The master chain uses an Ethereum-compatible data model which is composed of hash linked blocks. A block is a collection of relevant pieces of meta-information corresponding to transactions, receipts and states. Valid transactions are added into the master chain to enable asset transfer between the master and side chains.

The Data Side Chain is built with P2P storage network such as IPFS and Swarm. Proof of Space-time (PoSt) is used as the consensus method for the micro-transactions. It provides the foundation for the decentralized storage network. In this case, the advantages include faster setting times, lower transaction fees, faster transaction speed, higher privacy and the ability for transparency. The Computing Side Chain has the similar structure to that of DSC. It is hash linked and contains the header, transaction sets and contracts of the DxChain network.

There is also communication between the chains. The task giver “U” submits the task in the master chain. Then the solver and verifier in the CSC will load the code and data into the DxChain Virtual Machine. Code is executed in the DVM including parallel computation and verification tasks. The miner in the DSC is to provide fundamental data storage and data transfer across the P2P network.

After all computing tasks, data transfer and storage tasks are completed, the overall transaction and asset will be transferred back to the master chain. All these process and algorithms make the tech behind DxChain revolutionary.

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