Foreign nationals are permanent residents. A scholar or foreign worker who is temporarily residing in Canada is not a permanent resident.
Through the Government-Assisted Refugee Program or the Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program, resettling refugees from other countries can become permanent residents. A person who applies for refugee status in Canada does not become a permanent resident. To become a refugee, their claim must first be approved by the Immigration and Refugee Board. Then they must apply for and be granted permanent residency.
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