張大媽從年初開始發現自己走路變得不穩當了，一不小心就會跌倒，還經常有失去平衡的感覺。剛開始她以為是自己太勞累了，可注意休息了一段時間後，症狀卻越來越重。張大媽只好到醫院就診，結果醫生髮現她患上了乳腺癌，而且已經出現了轉移現象。
張大媽不得其解，難道自己走路不穩，跟這個乳腺癌有關係？
乳腺癌的早期症狀
在中國，乳腺癌是女性發病率最高的惡性腫瘤，及早發現乳腺癌是現代女性生命健康的重要一環。多數乳腺癌患者被確診時，都是因為自己無意中摸到自己有乳腺腫塊才來醫院就診。
乳腺癌早期表現為腫塊無痛性，普通人一般不易察覺。若侵犯到皮膚表層，會有局部凹陷的徵象。
Since the beginning of the year, Aunt Zhang found that she had become unstable in walking, she would fall if she was not careful, and she often felt out of balance. At first she thought she was too tired, but noticed that after a period of rest, her symptoms got worse. Aunt Zhang had to go to the hospital for treatment, but the doctor found out that she had breast cancer and had metastasis.
Aunt Zhang is puzzled. Could it be that her unsteady walking has something to do with this breast cancer?
Early symptoms of breast cancer
In China, breast cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence in women. Early detection of breast cancer is an important part of modern women's life and health. When most breast cancer patients are diagnosed, they come to the hospital because they accidentally feel that they have a breast mass.
The early stage of breast cancer is painless, and it is generally difficult for ordinary people to notice. If it invades the skin surface, there will be signs of local depression.
當乳腺癌侵入乳頭時，乳腺的纖維組織和導管系統可因腫瘤侵犯而縮短，使乳頭偏向腫瘤一側，病變進一步發展可使乳頭扁平、回縮、凹陷等。
乳腺組織上也可以出現腫物，腫物過大突出乳腺的表面，可看到突出到乳腺表面的組織。當突出過高，侵犯皮膚，可導致皮膚潰瘍，甚至壞死，還會有液體流出。
既然乳腺癌明明發生在乳腺腺上皮組織，與腿部距離算得上“天南地北”，為何張大媽患上乳腺癌後，竟然最先表現出走路不穩？
經醫院診斷結果，醫生解釋，張女士之所以出現走路不穩、平衡力差的情況，是由於乳腺癌產生的自身抗體損傷到小腦細胞，使小腦控制平衡的功能受到影響。
醫生也提醒大家，不要以為腫瘤細胞只是影響身體的局部器官，其實很多惡性腫瘤發生後，不僅會表現出原發性病變，也可能在身體轉移後表現出其他病徵。
體內有癌，腿部會異常
事實上，很多癌症都會在腿部有所表現，主要是因為：
·骨轉移
肺癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、甲狀腺癌等都會引起骨轉移。當這些腫瘤細胞擴散到腿部時，就會表現出腿部異常的隆起，特別是腿部單發的腫塊，觸診的時候質地堅硬，邊界不清，活動度差。
When breast cancer invades the nipple, the fibrous tissue and duct system of the breast can be shortened due to tumor invasion, causing the nipple to shift to the side of the tumor, and the further development of the disease can make the nipple flat, retracted, and sunken.
A tumor may also appear on the breast tissue. The tumor is too large to protrude from the surface of the breast, and the tissue protruding to the surface of the breast can be seen. When the protrusion is too high, it invades the skin and can cause skin ulcers and even necrosis, and there will be liquid outflow.
Since breast cancer obviously occurs in the epithelial tissue of the breast, the distance from the leg can be regarded as "worldwide", why did Aunt Zhang first show unsteady walking after contracting breast cancer?
After diagnosis by the hospital, the doctor explained that the reason for Ms. Zhang's unstable walking and poor balance is because the autoantibodies produced by breast cancer damage the cerebellar cells, which affects the balance control function of the cerebellum.
Doctors also remind everyone not to think that tumor cells only affect the local organs of the body. In fact, after many malignant tumors occur, they will not only show the primary disease, but may also show other symptoms after the body has metastasized.
There is cancer in the body, the legs will be abnormal
In fact, many cancers manifest themselves in the legs, mainly because:
·Bone transfer
Lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, and thyroid cancer can all cause bone metastases. When these tumor cells spread to the legs, they will show abnormal swelling of the legs, especially the single lumps on the legs, which are hard in texture, unclear borders and poor mobility when palpated.
·神经和血管异常
腿部的血管，神经非常丰富，如果癌细胞侵犯了血管，神经，就可能引起腿部的肿胀，以及剧烈的疼痛，比如宫颈癌就可能侵犯下肢的血管和神经，也有一部分恶性肿瘤，如肺癌、乳腺癌等可引起腿部癌栓，堵塞了下肢的血管。
提醒：骨肉瘤最易忽视的腿部“生长痛”
除了癌症转移引起的腿部疼痛，还有一种腿部疼痛也要引起足够重视。
此类患者多为10岁至20岁之间的青少年，此时正处于长身体的阶段，骨膜发育生长同样都伴有疼痛，因此该恶性肿瘤常披着“生长痛”的外衣，蒙蔽他人，它就是骨肉瘤。
骨肉瘤是一种罕见的来源于间叶组织的恶性骨肿瘤，最常发生的部位是膝关节周围。骨肉瘤发病初期表现为皮肤突然出现肿块，明显的夜间痛，由于发病部位隐秘而常常被人所忽视，大家要有所防范。
·Nerve and blood vessel abnormalities
The blood vessels and nerves in the legs are very rich. If cancer cells invade the blood vessels and nerves, it may cause swelling of the legs and severe pain. For example, cervical cancer may invade the blood vessels and nerves of the lower limbs. There are also some malignant tumors, such as lung cancer. , Breast cancer, etc. can cause cancer thrombi in the legs and block the blood vessels of the lower limbs.
Reminder: The most neglected leg "growth pain" in osteosarcoma
In addition to leg pain caused by cancer metastasis, there is also a kind of leg pain that should be paid attention to.
Such patients are mostly teenagers between the ages of 10 and 20. At this time, they are in the stage of growing their bodies. The development and growth of the periosteum are also accompanied by pain. Therefore, the malignant tumor often wears the cloak of "growth pain" to blind others. It is osteosarcoma.
Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant bone tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue, and the most common site is around the knee joint. Osteosarcoma is manifested as a sudden lumps on the skin and obvious night pains at the initial stage of onset. Due to the secretive location of the disease, it is often overlooked. Everyone should take precautions.
不同的癌症有不同的表現，但它們都有可轉移的特點，那就是可轉移。癌症可以通過直接轉移，血液轉移和淋巴結轉移的方式，轉移到全身各處。所以，不要忽略腿部出現不明原因的刺痛與疼痛，往往有可能是腫瘤細胞發出的“侵略信號”。
Different cancers have different manifestations, but they all have the characteristics of metastasis, that is, metastasis. Cancer can spread throughout the body through direct metastasis, blood metastasis and lymph node metastasis. Therefore, do not ignore the unexplained tingling and pain in the legs, which may often be the "invasion signal" sent by tumor cells.