Lunokhod not fly to the moon.

Hello this story about the bus lia3-677 for unusual appearance nicknamed Lunokhod peop~LIAZ-677 - urban high field bus production LiAZ. The first prototype bus copy was released in 1963. Mass-produced from 1967 to 1994; single-piece assembly on the outside of the car assembly plants kits continued through 2002. Since the beginning of the 2000s phased out. All were released about 194 thousand buses of all modifications. Buses of this model were used in almost all cities of the Soviet Union, with urban or suburban bus service. LIAZ-677 project began in 1960. This model was to replace buses ZIL-158V, which were issued Likinsky car factory before. The first prototype of the new bus was ready to 6 November 1962. 

    

In 1963 the prototype was demonstrated to the State Commission for automation and mechanization of the USSR. The Commission gave a positive assessment of the bus. He was released on another prototype, and the following year were carried out tests of new buses in the area of Sochi, and in 1965 went to the bus trial run on the route Moscow - Kharkiv - Novorossiysk - Sochi - Tbilisi - Yerevan - Ordzhonikidze - Moscow. And conducted laboratory tests of buses.

In 1967, started production of experimental batches of the new bus, and in the spring of next year - serial production.But here a new model buses going by a roundabout technologies. Only since June 1970 bus assembly was transferred to the main conveyor plant. It should also be noted that the buses that were released in the late 60's, in a way different from the next. In particular, the folding vents in the side windows, rear position lamps on the slopes of the roof, not under them.  

   Buses sample 70s.  

 In 1972 he began a bus equipped with pnevmoressornoy suspension instead of air. In the mid-70s changed the emblem of a more modern, familiar. Before that was the old emblem standing for another bus ZIL-158V. In 1978, buses were emergency exits in the windows, square front turn indicators, a roof with three ventilation hatches, sliding pane to the right of the driver's cab window.  Since the second half of 1979 buses started to be painted in a single color of ocher. At the same time it began to develop further a deep modernization of the bus, which resulted in a future LiAZ-677M.  

Creating a bus LIAZ-677M with high technical and operational characteristics was charged with plant More OCD-up for 1973. However, only the end of the IX Five Year Plan was developed by the technical design and built the first two prototypes of modernized buses (one of them with pre- combustion chamber jet engine ZIL-375YAF). In 1976, they successfully passed acceptance tests. In 1977, taking into account the comments of the MAP of the USSR was made one more prototype LiAZ-677M, and then modified the documentation was issued in production.  

 In reality, it came just before the release of two pilot scale batches of 10 buses in 1977 and 25 buses in 1978. And the buses one year had a number of notable differences in the design of doors, naddvernyh beams, radiator flap, upper tail lights, as well as in the decoration front end. The issue is scheduled for the 1979 batch of 100 buses proved to be ripped off because of the refusal of the USSR Minavtotransa negotiate the wholesale price on LiAZ-677M. Serial production LiAZ-677M only managed to establish in 1982. During the production of the bus gradually changed its appearance on more familiar to us today. The windows "Input / Output" on the doors have been replaced with "falshoknami", which by 1984 had disappeared, and instead of them there were two horizontal stripes. By the second half of 1985 was updated lighting fixtures, she became comply with UNECE.

More in 1978 677 buses LiAZ got front direction indicators of a new type, the orange square in shape, mounted on the front wall of the bus on the main lights. Now they added rear lights square, gathered in a vertical section. Also changed the front and then the rear upper marker lights. By the beginning of 1985, buses were installed front and rear metal bumper, and released at the time the buses were distinguished by the presence of the bumpers, but still with the old round taillights. The final appearance LiAZ-677M was formed in 1986.

Thereafter buses continued to be issued without any significant changes. Last LiAZ 677M gone Likinsky assembly line in 1994 [1], then the assembly line, where they were collected, was dismantled. However, after the collapse of production at the 677-th "native" plant until 2002, it continue "/>d to produce small batches at various auto repair facilities, in particular, in Bor, Petrozavodsk, on Yakhroma bus plant, the plant "Remtehmash" in Orekhovo-. In Tosno under the symbol ToAZ-677D was produced until 2002 godasch the changed several modifications LiAZ-677M, equipped with Yaroslavl engine. Dozens of cars were gathered on Volzhsky Machine-Building Plant (VMZ), in the city of Rybinsk, Yaroslavl region

After 2000, many cities LiAZ 677M buses started prematurely decommissioned as an obsolete, unprofitable and unsuitable for installation ASKP. In Moscow ceased their operation November 7, 2004, in Kiev in 2004, Orekhovo-Zuyevo - 13 December 2005 in St. Petersburg - 1 April 2006 (from July 1, 2005 removed from regular service), in Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky - July 2006; Minsk, Krasnoyarsk, Elektrostal - in 2007; Ekaterinburg, Alapaevsk, Kurgan (from March 1, 2007 removed from regular service), Omsk - in 2008; Kirov, Ryazan - in 2009; Dankov, Rybinsk, Samara, Stupino - in 2010; Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Chelyabinsk - in 2011; in Desnogorsk, Konakovosch, Murmanske- in 2013; Izhevsk - July 31, 2014.  

Evaluation bus LIAZ-677 is highly controversial, although many at that time the characteristics of the bus was a good one. In 1967, one of the first mass-produced 677-X shown at the Exhibition Center, for his creation of a group of factory workers were awarded medals of the exhibition. In 1972 at the International Fair in Leipzig bus LIAZ-677 was awarded the Grand Gold Medal and Diploma of I degree. Nevertheless, even the beginning of its mass production in 1968 LiAZ-677 was already outdated by bus and by its layout and the applicable units (meaning primarily its voracious gasoline engine), and the capacity of its production at a factory in the early 70 -x happened slowly.     

ften passengers spoke about this bus is good, for his ecent capacity at peak times (up to 110 people) and will ride, and drivers, on the contrary, bad. The most important positive quality bus 

It was warm in the winter, what LiAZ-677 significantly sup characteristic feature of the worn-out copies LiAZ-677 was increased fumes in the cabin due to the nature of the heating system of interior design, as well as the leakage of metal edging sliding panes.Drivers complained about increased noise and fumes in the driver's seat, and in the summer months and at an elevated temperature by running under the engine side. A characteristic feature of the buses have already been in operation, was a loud strange sound in the transmission, similar to the sound of the empty bottles (called "the sound of bottles"), caused by the wear and tear of the intermediate driveline bearings coming from the engine to the gearbox: the bus LIAZ-677 Transmission is not connected with the engine into a single unit, and installed separately - this led to the shock loads on the bearings and universal joints when the engine is idling (besides more and uneven) course.  

As early as the 80s of the 20th century, the coach is obsolete, and in the 90 th level of comfort, efficiency and dynamics no longer meet the actual requirements of operation.  

In September 2015 the largest number of lyase-677 remained in Krasnokamensk, Trans-Baikal Territory, but there are different versions of 69avtobusov 52 are on the prervation, and the majority of the remaining work in the summer, seasonal routes. By the number of buses in regular operation lead Arzamas (Nizhny Novgorod region) and Amur (Khabarovsk Krai) - 27 and 20 cars respectively.  The last major city in Russia with this bus model in regular passenger operation was Novosibirsk [where he was removed from the Route 69 "Twardowski - Matveevka" September 30, 2015. In September 2015 coming from the city of Moscow with screwed instances of the bus are Vyazniky where two cars run on suburban routes. A number of buses run on suburban routes in Yevpatoriya.  

Design :

Layout. Body bus - wagon type polunesuschy with a reinforced base. The bus has three doors, two of them - for the passengers.

Engine - ZIL-509.10-401, gasoline, V-type 8-cylinder, 108 × 95 mm, working volume of 7.0 liters, 7.3 compression ratio, the order of cylinders 1-5-4-2-6-3 -7-8; Power 129 kW (175 hp) at 3200 rev / min; torque 470 N · m (48 kgf · m) at 1800-2000 rev / min; carburetor K-90B; Air Filter - inertial-oil.

Transmission - hydro, with a two-stage automatic transmission. Rear Axle RÁBA-MAN, the Hungarian production.

Brake system - double-circuit, with pneumatic actuator.

Electrical system - 12 V, battery 6ST-90EMS (2 pcs.), G287-A generator with a built-in A-JA112A integrated voltage regulator, A1-ST130 starter, distributor P137. transistor switch TK102-A, B114-B ignition coil, spark Wheels and tires - wheels Diskless, rims 3-component 8,0-20, mount 6 studs. Tires 10,00R207 (280R508), road tread pattern, the tire pressure: front 7.5, rear 6.7 kgf / cm².

Suspension - dependent, the front - semi-elliptical leaf springs, two of the air, the two shock absorber; Rear - semi-elliptic leaf springs, four of the air, the four damper.

Steering - Ural-377N model, steering - double-threaded worm and sector steering, gear ratio of 21.5. The nominal pressure of the booster 65 kgf / cm². Steering play when running the amplifier 12 .

Specifications :  

Curb weight, kg - 8363

front axle - 4265

on the rear axle - 4098

Gross vehicle weight at the nominal capacity, kg - 14033

front axle - 5725

on the rear axle - 8308

Gross weight at full capacity, kg - 16133

front axle - 5975

Rear axle - 10158

Max. speed km / h - 70

Acceleration time to 60 km / h, with - 46.5

Maximum Gradeability,% - 20

Coasting to 60 km / h, m - 860

Braking distance from 60 km / h, m - 32.1

Control fuel consumption at 40 km / h - 35.0 liters per 100 km

Turning radius, m:

the outer wheel - 9.6

overall - 11.0  

The last photo of the city of Kirov, whose leaders simply rot 180 buses, saying that they are out of date, and then just passed on the metal. Almost all of them were on the move ...  

Now there remains very little, and they live only to serious poplomki, and then to the metal, although the price for this nevelika- only 40 thousand rubles, about 616 dollarov.Ostalis only in the city of Arzamas, and those killed every day.  

Does not kill mice are still alive !!!