Culture Vulture (#culturevulture) is a Steemit writing challenge initiated by @eroche. You may read here for more details and the latest update.
Culture Vulture for CNers is a cross-culture translation project in collaboration with @eroche and carried out by @deanliu and @ygern. We'll pick at least one article every week and translate it to Chinese, aiming to bring cultural diversity to the #CN community. All translated articles from this series will be published with permissions from the original authors.
《文化读瘾.一周译报》是一个翻译行动,我们每周将至少精选一篇来自 #culturevulture 的文章,经原作者同意后翻译成中文,以 #cn-culturevulture 标签刊出,希望把这些有趣、多元的内容透过我们认真的筛选与精细的翻译,带到cn社区人面前呈现,拓展视野、丰富生活。
CN区的朋友,大家好!
本期《文化读瘾.一周译报》的选文,依然来自Culture Vulture征文活动最活跃的群组——印尼亚齐社区。
不过,本期的话题不是那种被普遍认可为“文化”的传统习俗或艺术传承,而是另一个稍具争议性的课题——大麻的使用与合法化。
读了这位亚齐朋友 @deniandepa 的文章,才知道印尼苏门答腊岛北部的亚齐地区,原来是大麻的生产地之一。更让我们惊讶的是,大麻曾经如此融入亚齐人的文化生活当中。
感谢 @deniandepa 让我们对亚齐又有了更多一些的了解。
大麻的前世今生
Original title: Marijuana is part of The Acehnese Culture Almost Abandoned
Authored by @deniandepa, translated by @ygern
大麻生长在亚齐地区。在这里,大麻被喻为“绿色黄金”。
过去以来,大麻就出现在亚齐人的日常生活之中,甚至成为文化的一部分。Steemit上的朋友们得知这一点,或许会感到讶异。
在还没有被国家法律禁止之前,这种具有疗效的草本药物确实是亚齐文化的一部分。
大约在19世纪末,荷兰人开始在亚齐的盖约(Gayo)高原种植咖啡,而大麻也就是在那个时候从印度移植到亚齐。当时,荷兰人使用大麻作为天然的病虫害防治手法,用来驱除烟草和咖啡树上的毛虫。自此,大麻就在亚齐大量生长。
亚齐大麻是世界上品质最好的大麻之一。
在那个时候,亚齐人开始使用大麻,甚至已成为这里的习俗;尤其在烹饪方面,大麻是一种天然的食物添加物,能够让肉类的口感更软嫩。大麻也被添加到一种称为“Dodol”的传统糕点里,也可用作咖啡的调味。在亚齐,腌渍食物如果没有加入大麻籽是不行的。
据我们祖辈的叙述,曾几何时,亚齐地区每家每户的土地上都种着大麻;亚齐人为来访的客人端上茶饮时,总会多加几片大麻叶,以增添茶饮的风味。
大麻的医疗效用,在传统典籍(Tajul Muluk)里有所记载,这些文献在大约16世纪时由商人从波斯与土耳其地区传入亚齐。这些古老的典籍以阿拉伯文抄写,后来由Haji Ismal Aceh汇集,并且翻译成以阿拉伯字母书写的马来文。
文化历史研究者TA Sakti说:“如果政府想要消灭亚齐的大麻种植,他们必须首先消灭这里的历史、文化、古籍,以及亚齐人的记忆。”
根据Tajul Muluk的记载,大麻可以治疗糖尿病,也是减缓老化、防止机能退化的药物。这份文献里还提到了其他具有药效的植物,如黑胡椒、小茴香、大麻花,以及鸦片。在药方的部分,还提到将大麻制造成药丸的方法,以及药物的用量。
由此可见,大麻确实深植于亚齐人的文化习俗中,这是无可否认的事实。
警察人员在北亚齐的大麻园里烧毁作物。
后来,政府发布了精神药物的相关法律,禁止了大麻的使用,而且最高刑罚为死刑;于是,一切就改变了。警察声称为了国家安全,坚持不懈地扑灭大麻,并且阻断大麻的流通。当然,政府的行动背后也有强大的理由——大麻确实被某些人所滥用,以至损及健康。
然而,即使消除大麻的行动不曾中断,亚齐地区的大麻种植面积却持续增长,因为本国与外国市场对这种“绿色黄金”的需求越来越大。
被怀疑售卖大麻而遭逮捕的嫌犯。
各位朋友们或许早已知道,在荷兰的某些地区,是可以合法使用大麻的,而现在美国也有一些州属开始将大麻合法化。至于亚齐所在的印尼,完全不存在任何大麻合法化的迹象,连作为医疗用途的合法化也不可能发生。
我和另一位记者 @azirgraff 刚刚完成北亚齐大麻种植园的采访工作。
结语
无可否认的是,亚齐人的祖先曾经使用大麻来治疗疾病,也曾经以大麻入菜,或加入咖啡与茶饮以增添风味。这已经成为他们日常生活中根深蒂固的习惯。
过去用作药物与调味料的大麻,如今被视为一种被滥用的毒品。不过,即使警察积极消减大麻种植、逮捕大麻的贩售者与使用者,大麻在亚齐社会中的活力却仍然不减。
大麻确实具有潜在的医疗价值。如果在妥善规划与管控下种植、制成药物,将会有更多人受益于这种植物。
参考资料:
- www.lgn.or.id/budaya-ganja-di-aceh/
- www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/jejak-ganja-di-zaman-kerajaan-aceh.html
- acehdalamsejarah.blogspot.com/2011/07/sejarah-ganja-di-aceh.html
- All translated articles from this series will be published with permissions from the original authors.
- Part of the author's reward from this series will be used for supporting the Culture Vulture Challenge project and the selected participating original author. The remaining author's reward will be shared among two project collaborators.
- Article selection for this translation series is independent of, and hence has no impact on the Culture Vulture Challenge winner selection.
- Articles pertinent to the Chinese culture would only be considered under special circumstances, as our primary purpose is to enable people from the cn community to see beyond their usual surroundings and connect with the versatile cultures around the globe.
- 文章发布皆已取得原作者同意。
- 这系列文章的作者收益,部分将资助Culture Vulture Challenge项目,部份回馈给原作者;剩余部分则由两位合作者共享。翻译工作主要是由 @ygern负责。
Thank you for taking part in this months #culturevulture challenge. Good Luck.
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Yes Culture Vulture for CNers Issue 16 to shown information in english
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Thanks to #culturevulture because already choice my post and translate to Chinese language. Special thaks to @eroche, @ygern and @deanliu, I hope my post can be more positive contribution for culturevulture and stemian around the world and my homeland Aceh, Indonesia.
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Thanks for bringing us the story :)
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我觉得以后很可能大麻会在越来越多国家合法化,因为抽大麻的人越多,那投支持大麻合法化政党的选票也会越来越多。
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这是我的地区,亚齐。过去人们使用大麻为药草和调味品的利益。但是现在有很多人滥用这种药物,政府把它定为非法药物。
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great challenge this months. nice post thanks for sharing @deanliu
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Wow this is wonderful..every even will be here..thank for sharing @deanliu..nice to know you.
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Thanks to share this culture article good to see.
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What an Amazing work @deanliu it was awesome, you upgrade My province information to #cn community.
The problem in My country is the regulatory of marijuana plant illegal, event the another county was an Amazing discovery for legacy the plant of. Thank you for @ygern in do Best work too. Re-steemed and greeting from Aceh sumatra, Indonesia.
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想起在阿姆斯特丹火车站对面的步行街闲逛时,鼻子里总有一股奇怪的味道,头有点晕呼呼的感觉。最后终于反应过来,那是大麻的味道。
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大麻很臭的,以前在湾区住,邻居家喜欢夏天抽大麻,因为窗户都是开的,我经常能闻到,一点也不喜欢。
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哈 倒是好奇那是什麼味道
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Good post, request you to follow me and upvote please. I am also following and upvoting you.
Thank you @steel95
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Thank you for telling us all, let's visit my blog there may be something interesting enough for you
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Thank you for telling us all, let's visit my blog there may be something interesting enough for you...Good post, request you to follow me and upvote please. I am also following and upvoting you.
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世间万物存在皆有理。一个事物真正的价值不仅仅取决于它自身的价值,而且还要取决于使用者的目的。就好比大麻,如果在合理的规划下将它应用于医疗方面,那么它的价值就得到了极致的体现;相反,如果是用它来贩毒牟利,那么即便它自身价值再大,也始终会遭到世人的唾弃。
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keep up the good work,i wish you luck my dear friend.
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wow,,, Excellent my friend.....
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