合和本翻译研究——雅各书4:2之杀害“嫉妒”

in cn •  6 years ago 

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好久没有翻译雅各书了。考虑到还有2000句话要翻译,而结束时间是圣诞节前,所以要抓紧时间,每天至少翻译1个小时才行了。


2 你们贪恋,还是得不着;你们杀害嫉妒,又斗殴争战,也不能得。你们得不着,是因为你们不求。
2 You desire and do not have, so you murder. You covet and cannot obtain, so you fight and quarrel. You do not have, because you do not ask.
2 ἐπιθυμεῖτε, καὶ οὐκ ἔχετε· φονεύετε καὶ ζηλοῦτε, καὶ οὐ δύνασθε ἐπιτυχεῖν· μάχεσθε καὶ πολεμεῖτε. οὐκ ἔχετε διὰ τὸ μὴ αἰτεῖσθαι ὑμᾶς·

古人写作是没有标点符号的,当然也没有分任何章节。这些东西不是圣灵默示的无误启示,而是需要圣灵光照的人类理解力。

所以,原文大概如此:

ἐπιθυμεῖτε καὶ οὐκ ἔχετε φονεύετε καὶ ζηλοῦτε καὶ οὐ δύνασθε ἐπιτυχεῖν μάχεσθε καὶ πολεμεῖτε οὐκ ἔχετε διὰ τὸ μὴ αἰτεῖσθαι ὑμᾶς·

其中但凡"τε"或者"θε"(‘te’或者‘the’)结尾的词,都是限定性动词,也就是要直接表示某个动作的实词。在加上四个‘καὶ’(and,和)在中间捣乱,所以一共有8个动词,4个连词,一共三十二种组合。

具体的分析我就不说了,只说现代英文译本,如ESV所代表的研究成果。

ESV实际上将这句话按照希伯来诗歌的平行体来翻译的:
You desire and do not have, so you murder.
You covet and cannot obtain, so you fight and quarrel.

当然,比起ASV所用的古英文标点“:”,ESV只能说又逊了一筹。

Ye lust, and have not: ye kill,
and covet, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war;

只能说美的让人心悸。


合和本或者类似英文版的翻译,主要的问题在于“杀害”是一个很强的词,后面接一个软弱的“嫉妒”,让许多对文字敏感的人觉得这里是一个所谓“反高潮”,就像戴玉强唱今夜无眠到了高音居然上不去了,或者李云迪在演奏会上居然把谱给忘了一样难受。

当代圣经译本这样翻译:

2你们贪心,得不到就去杀人。
你们嫉妒,得不到就争吵、打斗。

这个译文意思对了,但是所有的四个‘καὶ’都不见了。

你们贪心, 却又得不到: 你们杀人。(ἐπιθυμεῖτε καὶ οὐκ ἔχετε: φονεύετε。)
你们也嫉妒,却还是不能得到:你们斗殴和争吵。(καὶ ζηλοῦτε καὶ οὐ δύνασθε ἐπιτυχεῖν: μάχεσθε καὶ πολεμεῖτε.)

从平行诗歌的对仗上看,“贪心”对“嫉妒”,“得不到”对“不能得到”,“杀人”对“斗殴和争吵”。

这样,你就不用在解经的时候去杀害一个叫做“嫉妒”的东西,或者和一个叫“争战”的人斗殴了。

God Bless you!

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