Zinc + Vitamin D + Selenium deficiency = more susceptible + prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality from COVID-19?

"Zinc deficiency is quite common in the developing world. Even in the United States, about 12 percent of the population is probably at risk for zinc deficiency, and perhaps as many as 40 percent of the elderly, due to inadequate dietary intake and less absorption of this essential nutrient, experts say."
https://today.oregonstate.edu/archives/2009/sep/zinc-deficiencies-global-concern

"zinc deficiency is responsible for 16% of all deep respiratory infections world-wide (9) provides a first strong hint on a link of zinc deficiency with the risk of infection and severe progression of COVID-19 and suggests potential benefits of zinc supplementation."
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712/full

"The study data clearly show that a significant number of COVID-19 patients were zinc deficient. These zinc deficient patients developed more complications, and the deficiency was associated with a prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality."
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32920234/

"However, among those who died of COVID-19, blood levels of zinc were much lower, averaging just 43 mcg/dL, the researchers reported. In contrast, blood levels among those who survived the illness averaged 63 mcg/dL.

Also, higher levels of zinc in the blood were tied to lower levels of pro-inflammatory proteins when patients were infected, the Spanish researchers said."
https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20200923/could-zinc-help-fight-covid-19

"Zinc with an ionophore was associated with increased rates of discharge home and a 24% reduced risk of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients, while neither zinc alone nor the ionophore alone reduced mortality."
https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33140042

"Retrospective 120 hospitalized patients showing zinc deficiency associated with a higher ICU admission rate (61.8% vs.29%; p = 0.002) and a higher rate of intubation (87.5% vs. 12.5%; p = 0.002)."
https://c19zinc.com/berrocal.html

"A new study has revealed that vitamin D deficient patients are more likely to experience severe COVID-19."
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20201204/People-with-vitamin-D-deficiency-at-higher-risk-of-severe-COVID-19-says-study.aspx

"While Dr. Anthony Fauci admits most "so-called immune boosting" supplements being marketed amid Covid-19 mostly do "nothing," he does believe in the benefits of vitamin D.

"If you are deficient in vitamin D, that does have an impact on your susceptibility to infection. So I would not mind recommending, and I do it myself taking vitamin D supplements," Fauci, 79, said during an Instagram Live on Sept. 10."
https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/nutrition/dr-fauci-says-to-take-vitamin-d-if-youre-deficient-%E2%80%94-heres-how-to-know/ar-BB19rGVQ

"Using cumulative COVID-19 outcome data from Feb. 18, the study found that in the city of Enshi, which has the highest selenium intake in China, the cure rate (percentage of COVID-19 patients declared “cured” by that date) was almost triple that of the average for all the other cities in Hubei province. In contrast, in Heilongjiang province, where Keshan is located and selenium intakes are among the lowest in the world, the death rate from COVID-19 was almost 5 times as high as the average of all the other provinces and municipalities outside of Hubei"
https://news.uncg.edu/research-link-covid-19-selenium/

"The Se status was significantly higher in samples from surviving COVID patients as compared with non-survivors (Se; 53.3 ± 16.2 vs. 40.8 ± 8.1 µg/L, SELENOP; 3.3 ± 1.3 vs. 2.1 ± 0.9 mg/L), recovering with time in survivors while remaining low or even declining in non-survivors."
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32708526/