A "cash cow" is a business term used to describe a product, service, or business unit within a company that generates significant and consistent profits. This concept is often associated with the Boston Consulting Group's growth-share matrix, a strategic management tool that classifies a company's products or business units into four categories: stars, question marks, dogs, and cash cows.
A cash cow typically represents a mature and well-established product or business that has a dominant market share. It has reached a stage where it requires minimal investment to maintain its position, yet it continues to produce substantial revenue and cash flow for the company. This profitability allows the company to fund other business ventures, invest in new products, or explore opportunities for growth.
The term "cash cow" is derived from the idea that, like a cow that produces a steady supply of milk, these businesses consistently yield a reliable source of income. Companies often focus on optimizing and maximizing the returns from their cash cows while strategically managing their entire portfolio for sustained success. Identifying and nurturing cash cows is a crucial aspect of strategic business planning.