New: pneumaAll contenthive-129948hive-196917krzzanhive-183959hive-185836steemhive-180932hive-150122photographyhive-101145hive-183397hive-144064uncommonlabhive-184714hive-188619krsuccesshive-145157hive-193637bitcoinhive-103599hive-193186hive-180301hive-166405hive-179660TrendingNewHotLikersjohan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoAboriginal telepathy, prayer in the Abrahamic religions, and kilohertz, megahertz and gigahertz vibrations in microtubulesMost people live within 50 km of their parents, and the range of spiritual (radio waves) communication could be a reflection of that. Microtubules vibrate in kilohertz, wavelengths measured in…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoWhat if the spindle apparatus remains attached to the chromosomes after they have separated?johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoThe spindle apparatus is not pulling DNA apart, it is synchronizingIn the cell cycle, centrosome duplication and DNA replication are initiated at the same time, and like with DNA, each centrosome receives one old centriole and one new centriole. The duplicate…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoThe "cell computer", an organelle of microtubules, is also replicating during cell division"Boveri (1901) described the centrosome as "an autonomous permanent organ of the cell - the dynamic center of the cell - the true division center [whose] division creates the center of the daughter…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoCAMKII as a write-mechanism and Dam1 as a read-mechanism for memory encoded in microtubule latticesIn their seminal work, Craddock, Tuszynski and Hameroff described how tubulin dimers form memory bytes[1, 2], and how CAMKII, a protein that has been associated with long term memory for decades[3]…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoThe idea that the Dam1 complex is reading microtubule state, similar to how DNA polymerase reads the genome stateIf microtubules are an information level in the cell, and a form of memory storage and possibly a computer, then the cell may want to retain the state of that information system when it replicates…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoThe microtubule root complex as a possible site for proof of a 4-start helixThe dimensions overall (right image from Kollman et al , have added the left reference dimers) seem like the root complex ("ring complex") could support a 4-start MT, and a 4-start MT would…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoDo microtubules in the spindle apparatus orient themselves to the chromatids based on shared state?The idea that microtubule networks form a "cell computer" has been around since the 50s, with increasing data to support it, tough it is still in its very early days. In 2012, Craddock, Tuszynski…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoThe spiraeum is also replicating during cell division, through a process where microtubule nucleation branches outThe spiraeum is also replicating during cell division, forming two exact copies of the cell state (not just the genome state, which is on longer time scales. ) An exponential rate for…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoWhy a 6-tubulin memory byte?CAMKII has six arms, with one kinase domain each (double that actually, one on top and one on bottom), and is equipped to switch the state of up to 6 tubulin at once. Craddock, Tuszynski and…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoMicrotubules as append-only chronology machinesMicrotubules seem to be able to have the analog equivalent of hash functions if they act as an append-only data structure that physically tethers new input to a position in the MT. With an…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoDo microtubules pull DNA apart, or are they also replicating, forming two copies of the spiraeum?Perhaps rather than pulling DNA apart, microtubules as a memory system is also replicating, therefore the symmetry in cell division? The spiraeum is also replicating during cell division…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoPhi (φ) as a scale-factor, microtubules and memory bytesThe "golden ratio" (φ) can be understood as a scale-factor that increases the scale of anything with everything that came before, approximated in the Fibonacci series Fn + Fn-1 = Fn+1, 3, 5, 8, 13…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years ago3 x 2 tubulin lattice fields as a MT byteMicrotubules are 24 nm in diameter, with a circumference of 75 nm, each tubulin filament occupying 5.8 nm, and with a longitudinal periodicity that of the length of tubulin dimers, 8 nm. The 3 x 2…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoAnother fit for CAMKII onto microtubule lattices, 6 tubulin instead of 7An alternative to the seven-to-nine tubulin patches in Craddock, Tuszynski, and Hameroff's 2012 paper ( link ), here with six tubulin patches instead, with possible bit states. I have remixed…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoA brief history of CAMKII in long term memoryThe wide-spread idea that CAMKII would somehow, just by being activated, form long term memory, by as acting as a molecular switch that can store information indefinitely (Lisman, 1985)[1]…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoThe correlation between CAMKII and long term memory, and microtubule lattices as a memory storage deviceThat CAMKII writes 6 bits of data to microtubule lattices is a big leap forward in its role in long term memory. What I learnt in med. school in 2009 was more or less "calcium flows into neuron…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoMicrotubules as computers is the biggest discovery since DNAI distanced myself from religion, specifically Christianity, early on, tough never like when people hated on religion, it never felt right, and from paying respect to tradition, out of respect of…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 7 years agoSpiraeum: microtubule networks as a single integrated system, an organelle that provides cognition to the cellThe discovery of DNA as a new information level was not instantaeous, rather it happened through steps, from Swiss chemist Friedrich Miescher identifying the chemical signature of nucleotides in the…johan-nygren (63)in pneuma • 8 years agoThe four elements (earth, water, wind, fire) as mis-translations of the four states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, energy)A meme that I came to inhabit a few years ago, by reasoning, is that the "earth, water, wind, fire" from ancient greece science, was just greek for "solid, liquid, gas and energy". Its just the four…
