Humans, as part of nature, are subject to the laws of the universe, among which the most obvious are the attributes of the manifestations of material properties (everything that exists), such as Space and Time.
The fundamental characteristic of the universe allows us to determine the coordinates of any object within it, without which it is impossible to imagine the understanding of the material world with the help of our thought and cognition of the laws of motion, the development and transformation of certain things, phenomena and processes other people.
Space is defined by parameters such as length, width and height reflecting the most important aspects of each object residing in the field of people's views and which have theoretical or practical significance for economic activity (length, volume, size, placement of multiple objects in relation to others , transfer from one place to another and the like).
Time is a chain of consistent causal change of events with things, phenomena and processes occurring in a given space. Time can be imagined in the form of arrows directed from the past into the present and from now into the future.
However, one can imagine the flow of time also in the opposite direction - from the future, which sooner or later becomes real, and then the present becomes the past. Whatever it is, the time divides the space in its development into three successive states - past, present, and future.
Time transforms space as a result of the laws of dialectics:
1, conflicting unity and struggle in the object of the material world (in the final, new, progressive, and sensible outcome always win.
2, quantitative transition to qualitative change, and vice versa, qualitative change in quantitative (developing economic systems as a result of quantitative growth of gross domestic product as new combinations of tangible and intangible factors of production determine a new revolutionary leap in their development.
3, negation of negation (the new economic system essentially changes the mechanisms of production, distribution and consumption of manufactured products, but retains the individual elements of the previous system that have proven their survival).
The laws of dialectics affirm the existence of an indivisible relationship between space and time, which determines the vector of the development of the state's economic system. Violations of this connection can only occur due to objective and subjective reasons.
Natural factors of development (natural disasters, mineral depletion, violation of ecological balance, climate change, etc.) are objective reasons for violating the laws of dialectics. These reasons can only partially explain the differences in the level of economic slowdown in each country of the world, and in many cases caused by subjective (human) factors.
Subjective factors have a decisive influence on the rate of economic development of the country because they are determined by the level of activity of labor resources and their level of understanding about the nature of the economic patterns that manifest themselves in space and time.
Changes in economic structure in space are slow, because the system has inertial properties.
The use of innovation in production results in not immediate returns, but with certain delay delays, caused by periods of adaptation of workers and managers to new working conditions after the introduction of innovation.
The development of business development strategy also requires a certain amount of time to rebuild production habits and marketing and new regional management development, equipment replacement, product range extension, new market finding, training, development of new methods of planning, production organization, work motivation, control, much more.
The need for additional funding to finance projects to increase the economic potential of the company and the timing of payback in the form of revenue and profit growth, significantly reduces the interest of leaders for long-term, radical and risky projects that require large investment of working capital.
Here, the economic interests of extraordinary psychological fears fail when managers prefer to invest more in small-scale projects that promise success with few great effects with great, but very risky effects, acting on the principle of "better birds in hands worth two in the bushes ". As a result of this fear, the development of not only individual companies but also the state as a single economic organism is hampered.We should pay attention to ignoring the problem of using the "time" category in modern accounting and economic calculations. In just the last decade large companies began to apply economic and mathematical methods to determine the return of investment projects. But the use of time, as an economic category, can not be limited to the calculation of returns.
The scope of time categories can be extended because of their use in inventory control calculations, labor operating efficiency, debt management, equipment usage, reduction of harvest resource cycles, production processes, sales activities, and in many other cases.Time being an efficiency criterion along with an indicator of the value of a company's financial and economic activities, can and should assist economists in justifying the methods of planning, accounting and business process management. It is logical to acknowledge the basic principle of any job "the loss of time equals losing money",which is intended to stimulate labor activity of the workers, to reduce production costs due to the growth of labor productivity and to increase earnings on the basis of intensification of capital circulation
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