Numerous variables, including nutrition, a sedentary lifestyle, genetics, a medical condition, or the use of specific drugs, can contribute to obesity. People can reach and maintain a healthy weight with the use of a variety of treatment approaches.
Numerous health issues can become more likely as a result of being overweight. Although losing weight can be stressful and challenging, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that even modest weight loss of 5 to 10 percent can have a major positive impact on one's health (CDC).
This would entail reducing 12 to 25 pounds, or 5.7 to 11.4 kilograms, for a person who weighs 250 pounds (lb), or 114 kilograms (kg). Even a slight weight loss is a significant accomplishment.
Because it is more likely to remain off once a person reaches their desired weight, losing weight steadily and gradually—for instance, 1-2 lb every week—is frequently preferable to dropping a lot of weight rapidly.
Dietary modifications and exercise are effective weight-loss methods. These, however, are ineffective for
some people. Medication or surgery can be choices in this situation.
A medical condition, such as a hormonal imbalance, may occasionally cause weight gain. In this situation, addressing the imbalance may aid in finding a solution.
- dietary adjustments
When a person consumes more calories than they expend, excess weight and fat can build up. This may result in weight increase over time.
There are some foods that are more likely to make you gain weight. High-fructose corn syrup is one of the chemicals used in some processed foods. The body may experience alterations as a result, which could lead to more weight gain.
A person can lose weight by consuming fewer processed, refined, and prepared foods that are rich in sugar and fat and more whole grains and other high-fiber foods, like fresh fruits and vegetables.
A high-fiber diet has the benefit of helping the body feel full faster, which reduces the desire to consume more. Because they release their energy more gradually than
refined grains, whole grains help people feel fuller for longer.
In addition to lowering the risk of some illnesses linked to metabolic syndrome, fiber and whole grains can also aid.
Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular issues are all symptoms of the disorder known as metabolic syndrome. Obese folks are more likely to experience it.
A strategy and maybe an effective weight-loss program can be suggested by a doctor or nutritionist.
Avoid extreme diets.
Crash dieting in an effort to reduce weight quickly includes the following risks:
New health issues could emerge.
Vitamin deficiency is a possibility.
Healthy weight loss is more harder to attain.
A extremely obese individual may occasionally be advised by a doctor to adopt a very low-calorie liquid diet. This approach should be under the supervision of a health care provider to guarantee that the person is safe while adhering to the diet.
2.Physical exercise
While the body does burn some calories even when a person is just sitting or sleeping, for most people, the body burns more calories the more active they are.
But it might take some time. A person must expend 3,500 calories in order to lose one pound of fat.
Suitable ways to begin being active include:
Taking the stairs instead of the elevator, swimming, and getting off the bus or train one stop sooner and walking the remaining distance
The completion of tasks like housework, gardening, or dog walking all contribute.
The CDC advises spending 60 to 90 minutes.
Most days of the week, a reliable source of moderately strenuous activity.
People who are not accustomed to exercising or who find it challenging to be active because of health or mobility issues should consult a health practitioner for advice on how to begin exercising.
Starting with an activity that is overly demanding could be harmful to one's health if they are not used to working out.
Medicines for losing weight
In order to aid someone in losing weight, a doctor may occasionally prescribe medication like orlastat (Xenical).
But they typically only take this action if
Exercise and dietary adjustments have not led to weight loss.
The individual's weight is a serious health danger.
The National Institutes of Health advise that patients take their medications in addition to eating less calories. Lifestyle modifications cannot be made in place of orlastat.
Gastrointestinal problems like greasy stool and altered urination are examples of side effects. Unwanted effects on the joints, muscles, and respiratory system, among others, have been reported by some people.
Doctors may also prescribe sibutramine from 1997 to 2010, but in 2010 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) withdrew its authorisation over worries about serious adverse effects.Surgery
Bariatric surgery, often known as weight loss surgery, entails removing or altering a portion of the small intestine or stomach to reduce food intake and calorie absorption.
This can assist someone in losing weight and lower their risk of developing high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic syndrome symptoms that can accompany obesity.
Surgery has the potential to bypass a portion of the digestive system or reduce the size of the stomach.
Gastric band vs. gastric sleeve
To reduce the size of the stomach, the surgeon utilizes a gastric sleeve or a gastric band.
After the procedure, a person is only allowed to eat around a cup of food at a time. This drastically lowers food intake.
stomach bypass
Bypassing certain areas of the digestive tract, particularly the first half of the small intestine, is made
possible by the technique. It could also make the stomach appear smaller.
This is typically more effective than limiting treatments, but because the body can no longer absorb as many nutrients, there is a larger danger of vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
Depending on the patient's specific demands, a BMI of 30 or more may result in a doctor recommending surgery.
These consist of:
whether they have obesity-related comorbidities, the success of any non-surgical therapy they have already tried, and
Laparoscopic, or keyhole, surgery is frequently used by surgeons for bariatric procedures.
- Hormone therapy
In the future, hormone therapy might benefit those who are obese. Bariatric surgery may have an effect on gut hormones, according to researchers who published a studyTrusted Source in 2014, and this effect may contribute to the procedure's success.
Utilizing these hormones might result in cutting-edge, non-surgical treatments.
The researchers hypothesize that mixing a few hormones could result in a potent treatment.
- Browning white adipose tissue
Both humans and other mammals have two different kinds of fat cells:
Brown-fat cells generate heat and burn calories.
Cells in white fat hold calories.
Researchers have been attempting to rewire white fat cells to behave more like brown fat cells. They refer to these fat cells as "beiging."
If they can accomplish this, they might be able to create a therapy that can speed up the body's fat-burning process.
Although experts are unsure of how to do this, a research team expressed hope that upcoming genetic tools may hold the answer in a review that was published in Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.
Risks to health and weight
Numerous health issues are more likely to develop in obese people.
Some of these fall under the category of metabolic syndrome, a group of symptoms that usually occur simultaneously, frequently with excess weight and obesity. Examples include type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and high blood pressure.
Obesity increases a number of health hazards, including:
Osteoarthritis: Increased joint stress can cause bone and cartilage to deteriorate.
Coronary heart disease: When a person is overweight, their risk of developing heart disease increases. This is frequently brought on by excessive cholesterol levels and the additional stress that being overweight places on the heart and blood vessels.
Consuming foods heavy in fat and sugar may not always result in obesity, but it can cause the liver to overproduce cholesterol, which can lead to gallstones.
High blood pressure: Extra body fat may produce chemicals that have an impact on the kidneys. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, may develop from
this. Additionally, the body might create more insulin, which also raises blood pressure.
Respiratory issues: These can happen if the additional weight puts strain on the lungs, lowering the amount of breathing room available.
Several cancers: The CDC lists 13 forms of cancer.
Obesity increases a person's risk for developing cancer, especially colorectal cancer.
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) notes that losing weight frequently helps with the signs of sleep apnea.
Stroke: When cholesterol levels rise, obesity frequently follows. This eventually raises the danger of blood vessel blockages. Heart disease and stroke may result from them, in turn.
This important component of metabolic syndrome is type 2 diabetes.