Choosing the right programming language is key to building successful e-commerce websites, balancing factors like scalability, security, ease of use, and performance. Popular choices include JavaScript for dynamic UIs, Python for backend flexibility, PHP for cost-effective solutions, Ruby for startups, and Java for robust scalability. Languages like C# and Go excel in high-security and modern infrastructure needs. Tailoring the choice to project size, budget, team expertise, and future goals ensures a secure, efficient, and scalable platform.