There are various ways by which election takes place all over the world depending on the electoral process adopted by each country. Ghana like every other countries of the world is exceptional. But before i proceed, i deem to let us know the meaning of election. Election is the act of choosing political leaders or representatives in a democratic society. In line with this definition, therefore , election in Ghana takes various processes.
This processes include registration of voters, delimitation of constituencies, nomination of candidates, election of results. The first stage of election process is the registration of voters. This exercise is carried out by the body constituted by the government to conduct the overall process of election. In Ghana, this body is called INEC (Independent National Electoral Commission). It is charged with the supervision of all process of election and election matter. Voters names are registered and compiled serially. A qualified voter must be up to 18 years of age according to the constitution. This method is called universal adult suffrage. In this situation, all adults are registered except insane people, imbeciles or other category of people or adults without sound mind. It is usually done some months before the election.
The second stage is that of delimitation of electoral constituencies. The INEC divide the units or areas from which representatives will contest for various elective offices. Examples of constituencies are wards, state of assembly, etc. This is done based on population of the communities or area. After delimitation excise, candidates are nominated. At this juncture, various political parties are allowed at the parties conventions to nominate their candidates for various positions. The nominated candidates are thereafter screened by the Electoral Commission to ascertain the candidates claims such as his credentials. At this stage, candidates of questionable characters are not allowed to vie the seats.
Again, the parties and their candidates are allowed to carryout their electioneering campaign after the nomination and screening exercise. This stage is characterised by massive political rallies where parties and candidates present their manifestos to the electorates. However, this exercise expires 24 hours to the election date.
The voting follows the campaign. This is the actual election where electorates come out en-masse to choose their candidates for various positions.It involves practical assignment because qualified voters who are at the polling stations cast their votes after accreditation. They do this by thumb printing the ballot papers provided for the candidates of their choice. However, voting exercise determines the overall success of the election.
Finally, after the election, voters are counted and election results follow immediately. The counting of votes begins at the centres before there are gathered at the Electoral Commission's headquarters. After the calculation of the election figures and confirmation by INEC personnel/ the chief electoral officer of the area within his jurisdiction declares the election results , immediately after announcement of election results, everywhere is thrown agog as the candidate who emerge victorious celebrates their victory with their supporters.
SAANI MUMUNI 
WEST AFRICA
GHANA
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