The screw press originated in Germany in the 15th century AD. A man named Johann Dondiberg invented a movable type printing machine. The movable type plate coated with ink was pressed on the paper through a screw device. This machine was used as a wooden bolt press for pressing grapes and olive oil and can be said to be the origin of all press machines. It uses a method of applying static pressure that gradually takes time to compress.
In European museums, screw presses for hot forging by static pressing are also on display. Presumably in the Middle Ages, it was used to make steel doors, windows and hardware for cities and churches.
Later forging screw presses were developed to install a runner on the upper end of the outer bolt shaft, and use a flywheel to accumulate energy for driving.
At first, the rotating flywheel was operated manually. Later, because of the low efficiency and high manual work intensity, two friction discs that can run continuously were installed on the upper part of the machine, and the cowhide was successfully wrapped around the flywheel through the connecting rod to make it run in contact with each other. generate power. This is the friction screw press, which is driven by friction.
In the early days, the friction screw press was controlled by the operator using the manual steering wheel to control the connecting rod. The strength of the slider moving up and down and the pressing force completely depended on the proficiency of the operator.
Later, the connecting rod method disappeared, and it was replaced by a key switch and a foot pedal controlled by an oil pressure or air pressure cylinder and a relay.
Later, the method of directly sensing the sliding speed through the encoding device was adopted to control the pressure energy.
In addition, the drive method is not limited to the friction clutch method, and various methods such as hydraulic motor drive, electric motor direct drive, switched reluctance motor drive, and permanent magnet synchronous servo motor drive have also been developed.
Among them, the numerical control press driven by permanent magnet synchronous servo motor has achieved good results in replacing the friction press and transforming the friction press.
The first-generation electric screw press adopts switched reluctance motor and encoder;
The second-generation electric screw press adopts stepper motor and encoder;
The third-generation electric screw press adopts synchronous servo motor and servo controller.