怎么检查短路

in electricity •  7 years ago  (edited)

短路是什么?

短路(Short circuit)是指在正常电路中电势不同的两点不正确地直接碰接或被阻抗(或电阻)非常小的导体接通时的情况。短路时电流强度很大,往往会损坏电气设备或引起火灾。

短路怎么发生?

以前我看过一个视频是说在野外如何使用电池和口香糖包装生火:
friction.png

较大的电流使得电源在短时间内提供大量的能量(注意:注意大量的热能)。

接下来如果你怀疑发生了短路可以按下面步骤检查。

假设你有一个万用表,如果没有是可以多拆分几次步骤进行诊断(注意安全)。
万用表使用:(http://www.guokr.com/post/718286/)

1、关闭总电源

为了避免触电,我们应该关闭总电源。

2、检查是否为空开故障

注意:空气开关(漏保)上下夹线端子因当旋紧,否则接触不良会产生电火花,时间一长会产生大量的热能,如果空气开关质量未达标,电火花产生的热量会使端口塑料部分融化。
通常情况下你家是使用了空气开关,短路时空气开关会自动关闭。在检查该回路下的电气设备或线路之前我们还应该把万用表调到蜂鸣档,测量上下端口是否短路。

3、检查线路和电气设备

1、拔掉所有电气设备的插头,关闭灯泡。

2、在空开下端子使用蜂鸣档测量火线和零线,火线和地线。

3、如过上面没有问题可以每次接入一个电气设备(如打开一个灯泡的开关,注意:这里是断电的)然后以此重复2直至找到问题。

4、问题可能在于插头,电源线或设备本身。

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