Bio Diversity Hotspots and Hopespots

BioDiversity refers to the variety of life. It means the diffrent number of species in an ecosystem or on earth. On our earth their variety of species of living beings and plants, we find everywhere. On earth, almost 1500000 species are founded and it assumes that 5 million species are still unknown.

Because of land shape and climate, there is a lot of differences in the world. So we divide the biodiversity of the world into four parts according to the richness of species.

1. Most rich biodiversity region.
2. Rich biodiversity region
3. Less biodiversity region
4. Least biodiversity region.

Hotspots-

The places on the earth where the richness of species and endemics we find but they are endangered, called hotspots.

Terms and conditions for makes a region as a Hotspot-

• A region must contain at least 1500 species of vasculer plants.Which is greater than 0.5 percent of the total world as endemics and that species not found anywhere else on the earth.
• Lost 70% of original habitat.

The term hotspot is first time used by and famous British Norman Miyers. Norman clears that the places where endemic species richer in the ratio are destroying very rapidly. Currently, total 35 hotspot places in the world. 

These Hotspots hold 2.3% area of the world. In these hotspot region 60% species of the world, we can find.

Hottest hotspot Areas-

In the world, there is some region of biodiversity more rich in endemics these places called Hottest hotspot area.Currently 8 regions in this category.

1. Madagascar
2. The Philippines
3. Sundaland
4. The Caribbean
5. Brazil and Atlantic region
6. Indo-Burma
7. Western Ghat and Sri Lanka
8. Forest of banks of sea areas at  Tanzania/Kanya and eastern arcs region.

In India, there are 4 biodiversity hotspots.

Hopespot-

It is similar to hotspots but this term related to marine life and marine species.

Sources-

• Baudhik prakasan Books of Environment for UPSC and UPPSC.
• Image Source-pixbay.com

               

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