The Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD)

Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD)

The Environmental Modification Convention, formally the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques is an international treaty prohibiting the military or other hostile use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects. It opened for signature on 18 May 1977 in Geneva and entered into force on 5 October 1978.

Many states do not regard this as a complete ban on the use of herbicides in warfare, such as Agent Orange, but it does require case-by-case consideration. The Convention was signed by 48 states; 16 of the signatories have not ratified. As of June 2015, the Convention has 77 state parties.

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Environmental Modification Convention ENMOD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Modification_Convention

Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques ENMOD
https://www.un.org/disarmament/geneva/enmod/

FOIA CIA Documents

Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD)
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