The Deerstalker

A deerstalker is a type of cap that is typically worn in rural areas, often for hunting, especially deer stalking. Because of the cap's popular association with Sherlock Holmes, it has become stereotypical headgear for a detective.

Manufacture

The deerstalker is most often made of cloth, often a light or heavy wool tweed, although deerstalkers made of suede, white cotton duck and even denim. The cap is made of six, or eight triangular panels with rounded sides which are sewn together.
The cap may be deep or shallow, barely touching the tops of the ears, according to the whim of the hatter. Either way it is usually lined with an inner cap of satin, polished cotton or similar lining fabrics.
The deerstalker's main features are a pair of bills or visors worn in front and rear. These are usually stiffened with pasteboard, cardboard or layers of heavy canvas.

Along with its visors a deerstalker has a pair of unstiffened cloth earflaps attached to either side of the cap. These are tied together by grosgrain ribbons or by laces or, very occasionally, held together by snaps or a button. The dual bills provide protection from the sun for the face and neck of the wearer during extended periods out of doors, such as for hunting or fishing. The earflaps, tied under the chin, provide protection in cold weather and high winds. They are otherwise tied together above the crown to keep them out of the way.

Deerstalkers may be made of solid-coloured material, but they are most often found with houndstooth check, herringbone, or plaid patterns in the twill of a fabric which serves as camouflage.
Modern hunting clothes, including deerstalkers, are often made with either a red-and-black or an orange-and-black check pattern or tweed for both this purpose and hunter safety, not least in actual deer

There is also a reversible deerstalker. It looks like the standard, double-billed model but it can be turned inside out, revealing an entirely different fabric or even suede, with the contrasting earflaps of the original fabric turned backward and tied together.

Sherlock Holmes (1922)

The most famous bearer of this type of hat is the character of Sherlock Holmes, who is popularly depicted as a follower. In Arthur Conan Doyle's novels, he is never really described as wearing a deerstalker but a "travel cap with flap ears".

The deerstalker being the only headgear following this description it is thus of this hat that he was dressed during the first cinematographic representations of the personage. Basil Rathbone, one of the most illustrious actors who interpreted the famous English detective wears a "deerstalker" with a long tweed coat and a small scarf tied around his Beck.

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