The Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) lives in the tropical forest of Riau, here many live animals including long trunk with a cruising range of 20 km per day to feed 150 kg of leaves and 180 liters of water per day. This large mammal requires a vast forest habitat for its life. The Sumatran elephant is a subspecies of Asian elephants that only have habitats on the island of Sumatra. The Sumatran elephants are smaller than the subspecies of Indian elephants. The population is declining and becoming a highly threatened species. Around 2000 - 2700 Sumatran elephants are left in the wild based on a survey in 2000. As many as 65 percent of the Sumatran elephant population disappeared as a result of human slaughter and 30 percent were likely to be poisoned by humans. About 83% of Sumatran elephant habitats have become plantation areas due to aggressive encroachment for plantations. Sumatran elephants are the largest mammals in Indonesia, weighing up to 6 tons and growing 3.5 m tall at the shoulders. The period of pregnancy for baby elephants is 22 months with an average age of up to 70 years. This gigantic herbivore is very intelligent and has a larger brain compared to other land mammals. Large ears help the elephant hear well and help reduce body heat as hot blood becomes cold when it flows beneath the surface of the ear. His trunk is used to get food and water, and has the extra can hold and grasp at the ends that are used like a finger to scoop up.
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