Blasphemy is all insult and offense towards divine and sacred things, and about blasphemies against the holy spirit, Jesus teaches us with emphasis: "And so I tell you, every kind of sin and slander can be forgiven, but blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven", Matthew 12:31.
The bible explains to us that sin is all omission of the good:"If anyone, then, knows the good they ought to do and doesn't do it, it is sin for them", James 4:17. The blasphemy is a special type of sin, in the Christian faith there are venial and mortal sins. Sins can be forgiven, but blasphemies against the spirit cannot, this type of sin in the bible has a special gravity. This is one of the mortal sins, that is to say, one of the sins that once committed take us away from divine life.
Now, why is this so? By the nature of the holy spirit. According to the Christian faith, God is a single wisdom but in three persons Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Thomas Aquinas explains to us that the Holy Spirit is the bond of love between the Father and the Son.
The holy spirit or spirit of wisdom has several functions in the new testament; first he is the inner teacher:
"But you are not to be called Master, for you have one Teacher, and you are all brothers. And do not called anyone on earth "father", for you have one Father, and he is in heaven. Nor are you to be called instructors, for you have one Instructor, the Messiah", Matthew 23:8-10
Second, he is the transforming agent of Gnosis, the change of mind and heart:
"Now there was a Pharisee,a man named Nicodemus who was a member of the Jewish ruling council. He came to Jesus at night and said: "Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the signs you are doing if God were not with him".
Jesus replied: "Very truly I tell you, no one can see the Kingdom of God unless they are born again".
How can someone be born when they are old? Nicodemus asked.
Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother's womb to be born!
Jesus answered: "Very truly I tell you, no one can enter the Kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the spirit. Flesh gives birth to flesh, but the Spirit gives birth to spirit. You should not be surprised at my saying: "You must be born again". The wind blows wherever it pleases. You hear its sound, but you cannot tell where it comes from or where it is going. So it is with everyone born of the spirit". John 3:1-8
Third, the holy spirit blesses and sanctifies: "Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.", 2 Corinthians 3:17
The role of the holy spirit is so important in the life of the early church that the blasphemy against the spirit is a sin in its greatest degree, those who offend the spirit, by their nature contrary to God, are outside eternal life.
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