Galileo was a devout Catholic, educated and sponsored by the Catholic Church, and good friends with the Pope. He did an all around bad job convincing people of heliocentrism because he was an egotistical jerk, and the prevailing wisdom of geocentrism was due to the millennia-old influences of Aristotle and Ptolemy (both pagans), not because "it's against the religion."
Tldr, you've been lied to about Galileo. Protestants made shit up to make Catholics sound bad, then a bunch of those Protestants eventually became atheists who never bothered to check.