How To Plant Maize And Know About Plant Disease And How To Control It

Corn is one of the grain food crops of the grass family. Originating from America spread to Asia and Africa through the business activities of Europeans to America. Around the 16th century the Portuguese spread it to Asia including Indonesia. The Dutch call it mais, the English call it corn and in Indonesia alone this taaman is called corn.

TYPE OF PLANTS

The corn plant system is as follows:
Kingdom: Plantae (herbs)
Divisio: Spermatophyta (seed plant)
Sub Division: Angiospermae (Seed Closed)
Classis: Monocotyledone (single piece)
Order: Graminae (grasses)
Familia: Graminaceae
Genus: Zea
Species: Zea mays L

Eating sweet corn can help you in many ways related to your health and brain. In Indonesia, corn is an important food crop commodity, but the level of production is not yet optimal. This plant is also not only delicious to be a snack, but also has many health benefits. In fact, reportedly, sweet corn is called as one of the super foods because it is filled with nutrients and vitamins.

Terms of Sweet Corn Growth

Terms grown for sweet hagug plants are as follows:
In the flowering phase and filling the seeds need to get enough water. Preferably planted early in the rainy season or before the dry season because the ideal rainfall around 85-200 mm / month and should be evenly distributed.
Sweet corn plants need maximum sunlight. Sweet corn plants sheltered growth will be hampered and provide less optimal seed yield.
Sweet corn is perfect for ditaam in areas with temperatures between 230C - 300C.
Maize does not require special soil requirements, but it requires a loose soil, fertile and rich humus will produce optimal.
Soil pH that is desired by sweet jagug plants is between 5.6-7.5.
Aeration and good water availability. This means this plant can not be stagnant by water and can not stand the drought
Areas with a slope rate of more than 8%, should be done the formation of the terrace first to avoid eroded guluda made for growth.
Maximum land altitude between 1000-1800 m asl with optimum height between 0-600 m asl

Terms of seed

Seeds should be of high quality both genetic, physical and physiological (hybryda seeds).
Seedling power is more than 90%.
Needs of seed + 20-30 kg / ha.
Before the seed is planted, it should be soaked in ZPT to accelerate germination.

Land Processing

The remaining crops are cleared of the land. Remnants of enough plants are burned or removed, the ashes are returned to the soil, then processed using a hoe or cultivated with a plow. The depth of the soil is about 20-30 cm, then flattened. Every 3 m, made drainage canal as long as plant ranks. The channel width is 25-30 cm, the depth is 20 cm. This channel is made primarily on soils that have poor drainage. In areas with a pH of less than 5, the area is calcified at doses of 300 kg / ha 1 month before planting. Before planting, the land should be spread mature manure to to add natural nutrients to the soil.
Fertilization
Although the spread of manure has been done, but can be fertilized with fertilizer chemical fertilizer in the market this is to add macro elements contained in the soil. Next is a dose that can be used for corn crops.

Fertilization

Although the spread of manure has been done, but can be fertilized with fertilizer chemical fertilizer in the market this is to add macro elements contained in the soil.Next is a dose that can be used for corn crops.

Dosage of Macro Fertilizer (per ha)

Urea (kg)
TSP (kg)
KCl (kg)

Soaking the seeds

Basic fertilizer
120
80
100
2 weeks

Continuation (4 weeks)
115

75
4 weeks

Second Hour (6 weeks)
115

Planting Technique

Determination of Plant Patterns
Some commonly applied cropping patterns:
o Intercropping
o Overlapping (Multiple Cropping)
o Insert Plants (Relay Cropping)
o Mixed Cropping

Planting Hole and How to Plant

Preparation of planting holes on corn by ditugal depth of 3-5 cm, and each hole filled only one tau two seeds. The distance of corn planting is adjusted to the age of harvest, the longer the life spacing the wider. Corn harvesting age more than 100 days since planting, planting distance 40 × 100 cm (2 plants / hole). Corn harvest age 80-100 days, plant spacing 25 × 75 cm (1 plant / hole).

Management of Sweet Corn Crops

• Thinning and Stitching

Plants that grow bad is advised to cut with a knife or sharp scissors just above the ground. Revocation of plants directly should not be done because it will damage the roots of other plants that grow well .. Stitching aims to replace the seeds that do not grow / die or grow abnormal. This activity seabiknua done when 7-10 days after planting (hst). The number and type of seeds and the treatment in embroidery is the same as during planting.

• Weeding

Weeding done 2 weeks. Weeding on young corn crops can be by hand or small hoe, fork etc. Weeding should not interfere with the roots of plants that at that age is still not strong enough to grip the soil is done after the plants are 15 days old.

• Spawn

Spawn done together with weeding to strengthen the position of the stem so the plant does not easily fall and close the roots that appear above the soil surface due to the aeration. Performed when the plant is 6 weeks old, along with the time of fertilization. Land on the right and left rows of gukuk plants with meggunakan hoe, then dumped in the row of plants. In this way an elongated bundle will be formed.

• Watering and Watering

After the seeds are planted, watering is sufficient, unless the soil has been moist, the goal is to keep the plants from withering. But before the flowering plants, the required water is bigger so it needs to drain the water in the trenches between the corn crops.

Harvest and Post Harvest Sweet Corn

Characteristics and Harvest Age

Age of harvest + 86-96 days after planting. Corn for vegetables (young corn, baby corn) is harvested before the seeds are fully loaded (1-2 cm cob diameter), boiled / roasted corn, harvested when cooked milk and corn for corn, livestock, seeds, flours etc. are harvested when ripe physiological.

How to Harvest

Turn the cob along with his kelobot / break the fruit stalk of corn.

Peeling

Peeled while still attached to the stem or after picking is complete, so that the water content in the ear can be lowered so that the fungus does not grow.

Drying

Drying of corn with sunlight (+ 7-8 days) to moisture content + 9% -11% or with dryer.

Snippet

After drying it is scraped by hand or corn sheller.

Sorting and Categorization

The seeds of maize are separated from the dirt or anything that is not desired (remnants of cobs, small seeds, broken seeds, empty seeds, etc.). Sorting to avoid fungal attacks, pests during storage and raising the quality of the harvest.

Sweet Corn Pests and Diseases

Pest

o Flies seed (Atherigona exigua stein)
Symptoms: the leaves change color to yellowish, the affected part decomposes, eventually the plant becomes wilted, plant growth becomes dwarf or dead. Cause: flies seeds with gray fly color features, yellow-green striped back color, yellowish brown stomach color, pearl white egg color, and a fly length of 3-3.5 mm.

Control:
(1) simultaneous planting and application of crop rotation.
(2) the affected plant is immediately revoked and destroyed.
(3) Garden sanitation.
(4) spray with pesticide

Caterpillar Mowers

Symptoms: the plant is cut a few centimeters above the soil surface, marked with bite marks on the stem, resulting in young plants collapsed. Cause: several types of caterpillar cutters: Agrotis ipsilon; Spodoptera litura, corn stalk borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), and corn fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera).

Control:
(1) Concurrent cropping or crop rotation
(2) locate and kill the caterpillars (usually in the soil) (3) Spray PESTONA, VITURA or VIREXI.
Disease

o Goulash (Downy mildew)

Cause: the fungus Peronosclerospora maydis and P. javanica and P. philippinensis, rampant at air temperature 270 C upwards and humid air conditions. Symptoms:
1. 2-3 weeks old leaves pointed, small, rigid, stunted growth of stems, yellowing color, the lower side of the leaves there is a layer of white fungus spores;
2. age 3-5 weeks experiencing growth disorders, the leaves change color from the base of the leaf, tongkol change shape and content;
3. In adult plants, there are brownish lines on old leaves.

Control:

1. planting ahead or early in the rainy season;
2. cropping pattern and crop rotation pattern, planting resistant varieties;
3. remove the affected plants and destroy them;
4. Preventative early planting with pesticides.

o Leaf blot disease (Leaf bligh)

Cause: fungus Helminthosporium turcicum. Symptoms: the leaves look patchy and regularly yellow and surrounded by brown color, bloom develops and extends from the tip of the leaf to the base of the leaf, initially spots look wet, then turns brownish yellowish, then turns to dark brown. Finally the entire surface of the leaf is brown.

Control:
1. crop rotation.
2. regulate the condition of the land is not moist;
3. Prenventif beginning with pesticides

o Rust disease (Rust)

Cause: fungus Puccinia sorghi Schw and P.polypora Underw. Symptoms: in adult plants, old leaves there are dots of brownish red stain like rust and there is a brownish yellow powder, powder this fungus develops and elongates.

Control:
1. regulating moisture;
2. planting resistant varieties;
3. garden sanitation;

o Swollen swelling disease (Corn smut / boil smut)

Cause: Ustilago maydis fungus (DC) Cda, Ustilago zeae (Schw) Ung, Uredo zeae Schw, Uredo maydis DC. Symptoms: the inclusion of this fungus into the seeds on the cob causing swelling and remove the gland (gall), this swelling causes wrinkles damaged and spores scattered.

Control:
1. regulating moisture;
2. cutting parts of plants and burned;
3. the seeds to be planted are mixed with pesticides.

Foul diseases and rot rot

Causes: Fusarium or Gibberella fungi include Gibberella zeae (Schw), Gibberella fujikuroi (Schw), Gibberella moniliforme. Symptoms: can be known after opening the cob wrappers, the seeds of corn are pink or brownish brown then turn into brown brown color.
Control: planting resistant varieties of maize, crop rotation, spacing set, seed treatment.

That's how to grow corn and disease and how to control it. Hopefully this article can be useful for all all steemit friends.
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