Sorrow is a fruit of the sin. Paul in the second letter to the Corinthians explains that there are two forms of sorrow: "Godly sorrow brings repentance that leads to salvation and leaves no regret, but wordly sorrow brings death", 2 Corinthians 7:10. The godly sorrow is fear of the lord or godliness, that is constancy, firmness, devotion, equanimity, stability. Jesus calls us to honestly examine our conduct: "Repent for the kingdom of heaven has come here", Matthew 3:2. We are all subject to sin, that is, error. Examining our sins with fear of the Lord, involves repentance.
We see the godly sorrow in the conversion of Paul:
"About noon as I came near Damascus, suddenly a bright light from heaven flashed around me. I fell to the ground and heard a voice say to me, Saul! Saul! Why do you persecute me?
Who are you, Lord? I asked.
"I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom you are persecuting", he replied. My companions saw the light, but they did not understand the voice of him who was speaking to me.
What shall I do, Lord? I asked
"Get up", the Lord said, "and go into Damascus. There you will be told all that you have been assigned to do". My companions led me by the hand into Damascus, because the brilliance of the light had blinded me.
A man named Ananias came to see me. He was a devout obsever of the law and highly respected by all the Jews living there. He stood beside me and said, "Brother Saul, receive your sight!". And at that very moment I was able to see him.
Then he said: "The God of our ancestors has chosen you to know his will and to see the Righteous one and to hear words from his mouth. You will be his witness to all people of what you have seen and Heard. And now what you are waiting for? Get up, be baptized and wash your sins away, calling on his name". Acts 22:6-16.
Instead there is a wordly sorrow that brings death and no repentance, we see this in the encounter between Jesus and the young rich:
"Good Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?"
So Jesus said to him, "Why do you call me good? No one is good but one, that is God. You know the commandments: "Do not commit adultery", "Do not murder", "Do not steal", "Do not bear false witness", "Honor your father and your mother"".
And he said, "All these thing I have kept from my youth". So when Jesus heard these things, He said to him, "You still lack one thing. Sell all that you have and distribute to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me". But when he heard this, he became very sorrowful, for he has very rich.
And when Jesus saw he became very sorrowful, he said, "How hard is for those who have riches to enter the kingdom of God!. For it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God!." Luke 18:18-25
Paul tells us something else that godly sorrow calls us to correct the situation, not to complain: "See what this godly sorrow has produce in you: what earnestness, what eagerness to clear yourselves, what indignation, what alarm, what longing, what concern, what readiness to see justice done. At every point you have proved yourselves to be innocent in this matter. So even though I wrote to you, it was neither on account of the one who did the wrong nor on account of the injured party, but rather that before God you could see for yourselves how devoted to us you are." 2 Corinthians 7:11-12
We choose between the things of wisdom and the worldly things, we choose between righteousness and sin, there is nothing in between.
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