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As-salamu Alaykum ( 'Peace be upon you')

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The topic of this course is Hematology. Haematology is the study of blood, blood production, blood-related disorders, blood diseases and their treatment. At the outset, I would like to thank @dexsyluz for conducting a course on this subject. I think every person needs to know about this.

^{Made with Canva}

First, in this course, I learned about Hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis is the process of human blood cell formation or the production process of red blood cells, white blood cells, etc. About 10^11-10^12 blood cells are formed in a healthy human body every day. This blood formation is necessary for survival and if blood cell production is reduced or increased at an excessive rate, it is very destructive. Hematopoiesis occurs in various parts of the human body. It was the very basic of Hematopoiesis, now move to my home task.

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Anatomy and function of hematopoietic organs

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The word Hematopoiesis comes from "Heam", which means blood, and "Pioesis" means the process of formation or creation. So all the organs that participate in blood production are called hematopoietic organs. Hematopoiesis begins in the womb. Hematopoietic organs vary according to age. Below I present the hematopoietic organs by name and age in which this process occurs.

Organ name	Age duration	Location in humanbody
Yolk sac	<2 months	Fetus
Liver, Spleen, lymph node	2-7 months	upper right side of abdomen, upper left side of abdomen, nick, axillary part.
Bone marrow	After 3 months	bones
The bone marrow of all bones	5-20 years after birth	All bones
Long bone except (Tibia, Humerus)	up to 20 years	Arms, legs
Membranes bone of bone marrow	After 20 years	face, skull

^{Hematopoiesis organs and their functions are drawn by me.}

The yolk sac is the first site of blood cell formation or production. And, of course, during pregnancy. **Here, stem cell appears in blastocysts. Stem cells form RBC.

• Liver is the primary site of hematopoiesis. From yolk sac stem cell migrates to liver, spleen, lymph nodes and during this time liver, spleen, lymph nodes form RBC. At the time of birth, liver and spleen stop formation blood cells.

• Bone marrow is the main producer or former of blood cell in human body. Stem cell migrates to bone marrow and form blood cell rest of the life.

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Medullary Hematopoiesis vs Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

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There are two types of hematopoiesis.

• Medullary hematopoiesis
• Extramedullary hematopoiesis

Medullarry hematopoiesis

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Medullary hematopoiesis is the process of hematopoiesis that occurs inside of bone marrow. This process begins in Bone marrow. There are two types of bone marrow available in the human body: Red bone marrow and Yellow bone marrow. Medullary hematopoiesis occurs in the Red bone marrow.

Extramedullarry hematopoiesis

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Extramedullary hematopoiesis is the process of hematopoiesis that occurs outside of bone marrow. This process begins in This process begins in Yolk sac. It occurs in the Liver, spleen, lymph nodes etc. This type of hematopoiesis occurs less.

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Make a diagram of Hematopoiesis and explain it in your words

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Hematopoiesis starts in the Yolk sac. In the very beginning, the Yolk sac originates some Stem cells, which are called hematopoietic stem cells. It is a special type of cell that can convert into different cells and also keep its number. These stem cells migrate from the yolk sac first to the liver, spleen and lymph nodes and finally migrate to the bone marrow to produce blood cells. [Present in 1st image].

A diagram of an adult human is below:

In an adult stem cell which is a particular cell type. It is also called Pluripotent Hematopoietic Stem Cell (PHSC) and is for the deffarinciate into Myeloid Colony Farming Unit (CFU-GEMM) and Lymphoid Colony Farming Unit (CFU-L). CFU-L then differentiate into B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte and Natural Killer cell. Myeloid Colony Farming Unit (CFU-GEMM) differentiate into CFU-E, CFU-GM, CFU-M. Finally CFU-E or Colony Farming Unit form RBC (Red Blood Cell). CFU-GM or Colony Farming Unit form neutrophil, Esonophil and basophil, macrophages. CFU-M or Colony Farming Unit form Platelets. This is the basic process of Hematopoiesis.

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What do you think causes significant bleeding?

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• Due to a car accident, various tissues or blood vessels may be injured and internal bleeding may occur.

• X-ray report mentions fracture of his femur. As we know the largest bone in our body is the femur. A large bone fracture can cause extensive damage to surrounding tissues and internal bleeding

• Another cause of profuse bleeding can be a lack of blood clotting.

• Also another acceptable reason seems to me is kidney problem. Kidney disease can affect platelet function, which can lead to bleeding.

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Who would be the ideal person to donate blood? (ideal donor profile)

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Referance: My book (Zoology for Higher secondary school )

The answer is me. I am an ideal person to dolate blood, Alhamdulillah. My blood group is O (positive). However, I should explain it in a scientific way. We all know O blood group is called universal donor means they can give blood to all blood groups. Antigens and antibodies are responsible for why the O group is called a universal donor. And O Blood groups have no antigens and both A and B antibodies are present. Apart from this an ideal donor should not be a drug addicted or chain smoker. A healthy and Young donar is an ideal doner.

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I am inviting my friends @stef1
@eliany @solaymann to participate here .

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Device	Samsung Galaxy A12
Photographer	@pea07

Thanks everyone for reading my post

Regards

@pea07