The histories of scotch, Irish whiskey and, what would come to be known as bourbon are interesting to understate, and not a dialect of miracles and incidents if hyperbole is to be allowed. Each one of the historical phenomena somewhat mirroring that of the other and lending some foundation and noumenal inspiration for the other. You are left with the impression of some extra-phenomenal hand driving the whole thing.

Of these peculiarities, none stand out more than the issue of taxation. From the Irish, the Scots to the Colonist of the then New World, it seemed that the destiny of the spirit was tied to oppression by the Parlament, the Royal Crown and, later, the newly born United States government under then President George Washington. Whether it was because of post war debt or the sugar and molasses interests that, now and again, lobbied Parlament; or the ambition of much larger and commercial distilleries to consolidate their powers, it was the British empire and then, in an ironic twist of history, the United States Government that ultimately would visit the spirit with repression and taxes.

With the foreign war efforts of the British Empire, the constant rebellion of the colonies and imperial expansionism, saw the Crown and Parliament in debt and looking to have for themselves a slice of the growing whiskey industries. The first of the efforts to tax the spirit could be said to have been the Malt Tax of 1682. The Irish, not seeing much of a way out but not thinking much of the British, decided to subvert it by including unmalted barley but not so the that trick would ruin the whiskey. And so Pot Still Whiskey was born.

While in Scotland, where virtually everyone with some surplus barley could distill their own whiskey, the British frowned on the wide spread making of the spirit, putting forward a number of strict measures in 1579 to see this remedied, allowing only the noble and families in the upper classes to produce the spirit while ordinary folks risked penalties. The results were the opposite effect, with many small distillers moving production underground and the elicit product growing steadily. A Malt Tax would later be enacted but unlike in Ireland, that would only work to drive those legal distilleries out of business since they made up the greater part of the taxable bracket and there were said to have been around 200 illegal distilleries at the end of the eighteenth century. It wasn't uncommon to hear gossip and rumors of illicit stills under church buildings.

In the New World, where they had brought with them the habits of the Old World, including a taste for brandy, rum and madeira, it would seem they had brought something of the old history too. Rum was enjoy among the working classes and military man of the Colonies and proved to be a growing market. The turning point was the enacting of, first the Molasses Act 1733 lobbied for by sugar planters to make French and Spanish molasses more expensive. Then followed the Sugar Act of 1764, replaced by the Stamp Act later. These British aggression resulted in the reduction of the consumption of rum. This opened the market to whiskey and scotch, and the making of the product locally. Since corn was the easiest grain to grow in the Americas, early frontier-men, Irish-Scots, experiment with distilling and making whiskey out of that, west of the Appalachian Mountains.

During and after the Revolutionary Wars and post independence, George Washington founded, what would be the biggest distillery in the united Stated towards the end to the nineteenth century. In an ironic turn of history, a grave miscalculation of the natives feelings towards taxation and their patriotism; looking to remedy post war debt, George Washington, thanks to the sweet whispers of Alexander Hamilton, decided to tax whiskey production. Suffice to say, that did not go well with small producers since it seemed the measures favored large distilleries and the taste of British tax imposition was fresh and still bitter in the tongues of the people.

You will be hard put to find a history of the spirit that doesn't include repression by the powers that were. To find a instance of this is to have discovered a robbed pharaohs tomb or the library of Alexander with all but stone and pen.

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Image Credits

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References:

• Irish Whiskey,Everything You Need To Know...
• Wikipedia.org... Whiskey Rebellion
• Text of the 1791 excise act from the Library of Congress
• THE ORIGIN OF SCOTCH WHISKY
• Whiskey History: A Timeline of Whiskey
• Irish Whiskey... Then & Now

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  • The Best of Whisk[e]y: Pure American Ember
  • The Best of Whisk[e]ys: Taste Of The Scots
  • The Best of Whisk[e]ys: The Irish Spirit|

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