In 1944, the United States and Britain began to honour their commitment to open a second front in Europe, made at the Tehran Conference in November 1943, in view of the certainty of a Soviet victory over Germany. On the morning of the 6th, the Allies began to assault the landings in five sectors. On July 5, 1 million people were landed, and about 567,000 tons of supplies and 172,000 vehicles were brought ashore. The Allies destroyed 114,000 German troops, destroyed 211,000 tanks and 245 aircraft, and suffered 122,000 Allied casualties. The Allied victory put German fascists in a dilemma and changed the dynamics of the European battlefield.
Normandy is the name of the former department of north-western France, a historical and geographical region. It now includes the departments of Manche, Calvados, Eure, Seine-Maritime and Orne, covering an area of 30,000 square kilometres. The Normandy peninsula at the Straits of La Manche was the site of the landing of Allied troops in June 1944 during the Second World War. The coast and the north are mostly plain, the south is hilly and undulating and the coastline is straight and sandy. The climate is mild and temperate. Cereals and vegetables are grown, and livestock farming is well developed. The Seine River flows into the sea. There are ports such as Le Havre, Rouen and Cherbourg.