berber

()Amazigh or Berber they are indigenous peoples living in the area extending from the Siwa Oasis eastward to the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the indigenous peoples of North Africa . Their presence stretches from the Mediterranean to the Sahara to the south, An area that the Greeks used to call Noumedia .
Amazigh It means Free noble man The Arabs often call them barbarians, which many Amazighs reject as the name is a racist description that means savages and fury. Amazigophobites often use the word "barbarians" to denigrate the Amazigh people, especially when there are, for example, political or social demands of the Amazigh. In European languages, the Europeans differentiate between Berber and Barbarian, while the Arabs mix Berber, Barbarian, Wild and Barbaric.
The Tamazight is distributed in Tamazgha in the form of linguistic / tribal / family groups in the valley, as well as in all major cities (Casablanca, Algiers, Tangier, Batna, Tizi Ouzou, Bejaia, Ghardaïa, Bouira, Nador, Al Hoceima, Rabat ...) They are not allowed to use their names and their language is recognized only in Algeria. Tamazight is a national language under the constitution, but the Amazighs are becoming more active for their political, cultural and economic rights, especially Amazigh tribes, the countryside and Sousse.
*Amazigh language
The Amazighs speaks Amazigh language, and branches into variations that differ slightly from region to region. Which may be an obstacle to the development of Amazigh, which requires the calibration of what the Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture has begun to achieve. But it is worth noting that the Amazigh dialects are fully intertwined with the grammar, grammar, grammar and derivation. Differences are limited to the lexicon (where synonyms have the same meaning) and some minor differences in toning and pronunciation. It is known that it is the failure to teach Amazigh language at school and university that complicates the issue. Ai Amazighi from Algeria, for example, can master the Amazigh language of northern Morocco in a few weeks easily because he is not learning a new language but is about to enrich his Amazigh language with new synonyms! The Amazigh cultural movements therefore demand that Amazigh language be taught at all levels and integrated into the administration, the media and the judiciary.
The Amazigh language (in its various variants: Tharifit, Tachlehit, Takbalit ...) is spread in 10 African countries
-- Morocco: Amazigh speakers constitute between 65% and 70% of the total population of 32 million.

• Algeria: where Amazigh language speakers are between 35% and 40% of the population of 32.5 million.
• Libya: Amazigh speakers constitute 25% of the total population of 5.5 million.
  In the following countries, the percentage of speakers of Amazigh as a mother tongue is less than 10% Tunisia, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso and Egypt
  In Western Europe there is a large Amazigh Maghreb community of at least two million people. The community is strongly linked to its native Thamazaga (North Africa) and maintains its Amazigh identity and is heavily concentrated in the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Spain and Germany.
  *Amazigh writing
  The Amazigh invented the Tifinagh line, one of the oldest alphabets known to humanity, and the Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture succeeded in its caliphate. A line adopted by the educational system in Morocco to indoctrinate Amazigh. It should be noted that the Typhinagh writing remained uninterruptedly used by the Tuaregs, while the Amazigh wrote non-Amazigh foreign writings after their exposure to foreigners and their influence on them.
  *amazigh history
  The oldest inscriptions about the Amazigh date back to three thousand years BC, which were found by ancient Egyptians. In the historical periods, the Amazigh is known by various names, including the Libyans, the Numidians, the Gitolians, the Mor, the Berbers The Carthage is a model of the interaction between the Amazigh and the Phoenicians. Corina is a model of the interaction between the Amazigh and the ancient Greeks. Just as they interacted with the Greeks and the Phoenicians, they interacted with the Romans until Roman Carthage was the most powerful city after Rome, the capital of the Romans, and the Amazighs in their university were mentioned, including St. Augustine, Tertullian and Apollius.
  The Amazigh was also subjected to the Arab Amazigh occupation after long and grinding wars of more than half a century. The Arabs benefited from the Amazigh and then interacted with them and helped them in their invasions. Tariq ibn Ziyad was Amazigha, the leader who conquered Andalusia in a time that earned him world fame. And Andalusia, although it has been subjected to non-Amazigh known as the Moorish civilization as the name of the Islamic civilization in Andalusia, and Moore is one of the names of the Moroccan Amazigh
  *Amazigh calendar
  Many Amazighs celebrate the Amazigh New Year, which coincides with the twelfth day of the Gregorian year, and the Amazighs around the months of the Amazigh year synthesized mythological stories and made them part of their culture.
  Some Amazigh people believe that the Amazigh year begins after their leader Shishonaq defeated the armies of the Egyptian pharaoh who wanted to occupy their country. According to legend, the battle took place on land between Morocco and Algeria near the city of Tlemcen. Historically, historians believe that Sheshinq, the founder of the twenty-second Egyptian family, did not come to power through war, but through his promotion to the positions of the Egyptian Pharaonic state, because the ancient Egyptians relied heavily on Amazighs in the army of their state
  

• Amazigh leaders
  Dhiya or Tihia, Queen Dehia bint Tabna, famous for the title of Priestess, military commander and queen of Amazigh succeeded King Axel in the rule of the Amazigh and ruled North Africa is forming its kingdom today part of Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Libya and the capital of its kingdom is the city of Maskola Khanshalhia in the Auras
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  Axel or Kassila Amazigh prince was born in the present city of Khanshla. The rule of present Algeria and parts of Tunisia, and his kingdom includes all the existing between the Tahert (current Tiaret) and Oran and Tlemcen west to Kairouan in the east
  Hannibal A Carthaginian military commander belonging to a long-standing Punic family, credited with inventing many combat tactics in battle, is still being adopted today
  Shashnak He was a king in his tribe and was famous for his justice and took the right to the weak. A group of Egyptians came to him at the time complaining about the treatment of the ruling Pharaoh and the injustice he was exercising against them from imposing taxes and promising the armies of the soldiers. Egypt was easily able to take power in Egypt and therefore the foundations of the Egyptian family second and twenty in 950 BC, which ruled nearly two centuries. The Greeks called him Susakos.
  thx for your time and i apologise for my bad english