How have the methods of execution evolved Death penalty throughout history?

Despite the rise in the number of countries that have abandoned the death penalty to 140 countries, the death sentences carried out in 2015 exceeded their highest level since 1989!

A recent Amnesty report reported that "at least 1634 death sentences were executed" in the world last year, up 54% from 2014.

These sentences were implemented in 25 countries, three of which saw 89% of those sentences (Iran 977 executions, Pakistan 326 and Saudi Arabia 158 executions), the United States devouring 28 executions.

The date of the first capital punishment law dates back to the 18th century BC, in a series of laws called the laws of Hammurabi king of Babylon, where the death penalty was imposed for 25 different crimes.

The death penalty was also prescribed in the laws of recitation during the 14th century BC, and later the death penalty was imposed for all crimes in the draconian law, which he had been working in Athens during the 7th century BC.

During the 5 th century BC, the 12 regulations (old legislation enacted after the founding of Roman law) provided for death sentences that included methods such as death through crucifixion, drowning, beating to death and arson.

The following are the most prominent methods of execution throughout history:

In England during the Middle Ages, those who were tried on charges of treason were executed by placing them on a wooden board that was dragged by horses to the place of execution. They were hanged in front of angry mobs. Their bodies were then cut into four parts. The punishment was for men. It is disgraceful to execute women in this way, and that is why burning is the punishment of women.

Crushing to death is one of the methods that have been used for more than 4,000 years. The people of Aztec and Southeast Asia crushed the convicts through elephants, and crushed them to death for the 19th century, specifically in Vietnam.

In Europe and South America, pressure was used as a method of torture and execution. Heavy stones or weights were placed on the victim's chest to recognize something, and the chest of the victim was always broken by weight or died suffocating.

The hanging during the Middle Ages was known as a method of execution, in which the necks of the victims are attached and suspended in the air, until the victim's neck is broken or suffocated.

The oldest method of comment was to lift the victim from his neck from the ground until he died suffocated, and later created other ways to throw the victim from a higher place.

In 1860, an Irish doctor published a paper proving that the height of 4 to 6 feet ensures that the victim's neck is broken when the hanging is executed. Hanging has been adopted as the most humane means of execution by most of the world.

The decapitation is one of the oldest means of execution, but the French implemented it more effectively during the French Revolution, specifically in the era of terrorism, where tens of thousands were executed.

Looking for an ethical way to ensure that the victim's head is cut without multiple sword hits, the doctor, Joseph Gillotin, invented a machine to cut off the head with a single quick stroke, called a guillotine or guillotine.

Death was known for firing when firearms became the primary weapon in warfare, but before the invention of firearms, execution was sometimes done by throwing arrows, such as St. Sebastian, who was shot and killed by a battalion of archers in 288 BC.

This method is used by armies in times of war, where a ring is placed on the victim's eye, and then shot.

The electric chair was invented at Auburn Prison in New York in 1881, where the execution was supposed to take place more humanely and painfully.

There was a contest between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse about the electricity used in the execution, but in the end Westinghouse succeeded and William Kimmler was executed as the first victim in 1890.

The electric chair is no longer in use in America and has been replaced by lethal injection, but some states in America still retain the death penalty.

Is the means of execution of a user in several countries, in which a person is injected with doses of chemicals that lead to death, and can also be used in euthanasia and suicide.

Last year, the Supreme Court of the United States held a hearing on the constitutionality of death by lethal injection, which is a source of intense controversy. The Court considered the matter in 2008 and considered that execution by lethal injection was not contrary to the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution, "Brutal and unusual".

But the drugs used to execute the punishment have changed since then, after medical laboratories, particularly European ones, refused to use their products for execution.

In view of this situation, the 32 States still applying the penalty decided to use new drugs that had not been tested in advance.
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