An ancient papyrus sheds the mystery of building the Great Pyramid

Finally, archaeologists believe they have solved the mystery of how the ancient Egyptians built the Great Pyramid in Giza. The Great Pyramid was built in 2600 BC in about 20 years using local limestone from Tora and granite from the south of the country. A building that dazzled thousands of people who had seen it for thousands of years and remained the longest man-made building on earth until the Middle Ages. The Great Pyramid was built as a tomb of Pharaoh Khufu from the Fourth Dynasty, the largest among the pyramids.
Scientists have long debated how people with relatively primitive tools could transport 800 tonnes of materials daily from Aswan, 500 miles south of Giza. Until an old papyrus, a ceremonial boat, and a network of canals - the infrastructure created by the builders to complete the construction of the pyramid - were found to put an end to this controversy.
The papyrus was among the documents described as the oldest papyrus in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. These 4500-year-old documents detail the steps of building the Great Pyramid in Giza, as well as the daily life of the workers. These documents were discovered four years ago Excavation led by the French Institute of Oriental Antiquities at the site of the archaeological valley valleys, located on the coast of the Red Sea, is the oldest known port in the world, and served as a main corridor of communication between the Nile Valley and the Red Sea. In 2013, during excavation, 300 pieces of papyrus were recovered from old boat-keeping facilities.
Most of these documents are from the Fourth Dynasty (2613-2494 BC) and the fifth (2494-2345 BC), which is a bureaucratic accounting and records for the delivery of monthly food in various regions, including the Nile Delta. But the most interesting discovery is a personal record detailing the construction of the pyramid, making it the first written manual directly on this building that dazzled the world.
According to archaeologists Pierre Tallet and Gregory Marouard, who led the team that discovered the papyrus, this papyrus was written in hieroglyphics by a man named Merer, who was in charge of and supervising a team of about 200 workers In a paper published in 2014, scientists explained that Merger used papyrus to write down the details of many of the processes related to the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza and described the work in limestone quarries on the opposite bank of the Nile River. Tora near Cairo and by boat along the Nile River Adha that in the twenty-seventh year of the reign of King Cheops was overseeing the construction of the Great Pyramid by order of the minister (Ankhav), a half-brother of King Khufu.
Merer also said that thousands of workers transported 170,000 tons of limestone along the Nile in wooden boats, which were tied together by ropes. 2.3 million blocks were also pulled through a network of canals to an inner port just yards from the base Pyramid. This papyrus allowed archaeologists to learn more about the history of the pyramid and a better understanding of how to build the Great Pyramid, which is currently 139 meters long (originally 147 meters).
Egypt's archaeologist and archaeologist Mark Lehner also found a waterway lost centuries ago under the Great Pyramid. "We have identified the main canal basin, which we believe was the primary delivery area to the foot of the Giza plateau," he said.
These new discoveries were screened at 8 pm on September 24, 2017 in Channel 4 on British television, through a documentary called Egypt's Great Pyramid: The New Evidence.