TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS

Takayasu's arteritis (TA), also referred to as aorta syndrome, nonspecific aortoarteritis, and Takayasu's arteritis .it is a sort of large vessel granulomatous vasculitis with massive intimal fibrosis and vascular narrowing, most commonly affecting young or middle-age women , though anyone can be affected. It mainly affects the aorta (the main vessel leaving the heart) and its branches, also because the pulmonary arteries. Females are more likely to be affected by this disease than males.
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Takayasu's arteritis is analogous to other sorts of vasculitis, including giant cell arteritis which usually affects older individuals. Due to obstruction of the most branches of the aorta, including the left common carotid artery artery, the brachiocephalic artery, and therefore the left arteria subclavia, Takayasu's arteritis can show as pulseless in the upper extremities (arms, hands, and wrists with weak or absent pulses on the physical examination) which can be why it's also commonly known as "pulseless disease. Involvement of renal arteries may cause a presentation of renovascular hypertension.

Sign and symptoms
It is developed in Some people initially as "inflammatory stage" which is characterized by systemic illness with signs and symptoms of malaise, fever, night sweats, weight loss, joint pain, fatigue, and fainting. Fainting may manifest as a result from carotid sinus hypersensitivity.
The primary "inflammatory stage" is usually followed by a secondary "pulseless stage".The "pulseless stage" is characterized by vascular insufficiency from intimal narrowing of the vessels manifesting as arm or leg claudication, arteria renalis stenosis causing hypertension, and neurological manifestations which lead to decreased blood flow to the brain.
Normally, kidneys produce a proportionate amount of a substance called renin. Stenosis of the renal arteries causes hypoperfusion (decreased blood flow) of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, leading to exaggerated secretion of renin, and high blood levels of aldosterone, eventually resulting in water and salt retention and high blood pressure. The neurological symptoms of this disease vary counting on the degree; the character of the vessel obstruction and may range from light headedness to seizures (in severe cases).

The rare and important feature of the Takayasu's arteritis is ocular involvement in sort of field of vision defects, vision loss, or retinal hemorrhage. Some people with Takayasu's arteritis may present with only late vascular changes, without a preceding systemic illness. In the later stage, weakness of the arterial walls may result into localize aneurysms. As with all aneurysms, the likelihood of rupture and vascular bleeding is existent and requires monitoring. In term of the chronic process and good collateral development, Raynaud's phenomenon or digital gangrene are very rare in Takayasu arteritis. A rare complication of this condition are arteria coronaria aneurysms.
Blood flow pulse wave in the central retinal artery and vein , measured in the eye fundus of a patient with Takayasu arteritis by laser Doppler imaging.

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