.INTRODUCTION ABOUT CHLORINE.

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Chlorine is the most important element of a family of very reactive non_ metals known as the halogens. Each halogens atom has seven valence electrons. This account for the similarity in the chemical properties of the halogens.

Chlorine was first discovered by scheele in 1774 when he heated some concentrated hydrochloric acid with manganese (iv) oxide. In 1810, Davy named the gas chlorine, a derivative of the Greek word chloros, meaning greenish _ yellow.

Chlorine does not occur Free in nature because it is too reactive. Instead, the most abundant of these is sodium chloride or common salt, which is found both in the sea and as salt deposits.

. INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION.

Chlorine is manufactured industrially by the electrolysis of_
1, brine and
2, the chlorides of molten sodium, magnesium or calcium.

The chlorine is then liquefied and stored, under pressure, in steel cylinders.

. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.

1, Chlorine is a greenish _ yellow gas with an unpleasant choking smell.

2, It is moderately soluble in water. About 2.3cm of the will dissolve in 1cm of water at s.t.p.

3, it is about 2.5 times denser than air.

4, it can easily be liquefied under a pressure of about 6 Atmospheres.

5, it is poisonous. As little as 20 parts per million of it in the air can damage the mucous lining of our lungs.

. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

A Chlorine atom has seven valence electrons. It is very reactive as it tries to achieve a stable electron octet either_

1, by gaining an electron, usually from the metals of group 1 and 2 , to form a negative ions, C1 as in electrovalent compounds like sodium chloride, NAC1, and calcium chloride, CaC1.

2, by sharing a pair of electrons in a single covalent bond with another atom, having a fairly similar electronegative value, as in gaseous Chlorine, C1_ C1, and hydrogen Chloride, H_C1.

REFERENCE.

Standard Atomic Weights: Chlorine. CIAAW. 2009.

Chlorine, Gas Encyclopaedia, Air Liquide
Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005).

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.