First Principle thinking refers to the method of breaking down complex problems and preconceived notions to the basic, foundational truths and reasoning up from there. It was popularized by entrepreneur Elon Musk as an important problem-solving approach.
First Principle thinking requires starting from scratch and re-examining problems with no assumptions. By going back to first principles, one can methodically construct solutions and decisions based on the core facts and logical reasoning, rather than habit or convention. It allows fundamental breakthroughs instead of incremental progress.
With First Principle thinking, one isolates the basic principles to understand a problem at the deepest level possible. This helps reveal the essential components and framework needed to then build solutions. It avoids the limiting constraints of established models and mental models. First Principle thinking needs an open, curious mindset and the willingness to rigorously question one's own and others' assumptions. When applied well, it allows innovative problem solving.