Electrical Earthing and Motor Control Circuits.

Assalamu Alaikum

_{I'am @mdpolasmia
From #bangladesh🇧🇩}

Hi Steemian Friends,
How is everyone's day going? I hope everyone is having a great day. I am hosted by @mahadisalim Sir. Want to participate in Electrical Earthing and Motor Control Circuits competition. I firstly thank @mahadisalim Sir for organizing such a beautiful competition. I have wanted a contest like this for so long. Hope everyone likes it.

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A. Write about the importance and use of earthing in your country.

In my country (bangladesh) earthing is very important in our power system earthing protects electrical equipment by sending unwanted current to the ground in case of an electrical accident. Earthing protects electrical home appliances from accident. In bangladesh earthing is importantce for discharging the accumulated changes to ground to Prevent hazard to man and machine. Stabilizing system vol with respect to ground. Fast and efficient operation of protective gear in case of an earth fault. Earthing also known as grounding is an essential part of electrical system in bangladesh to ensure safety and protect people property and equipment.
Why use earthing in Bangladesh?

I explain it below:-

🔘Safety:- Earthing provides a safe path for electrical surges and faults.
🔘Protection:- Earthing protects buildings, machinery and appliance from electrical overload. Lightning and other hazards.
🔘Voltage:- Earthing helps maintain voltage level and prevent over current.
🔘Stability:- Earthing provides a stable platform for sensatine electronic equipment to operate.
For this cause we use earthing in our country (Bangladesh).

B. Write the differences between earthing and neutral.

Difference between earthing and neutral:-

Neutral	Earthing
Neutral is the means of completing an electrical circuit	Earthing protects electrical equipment by sending unwanted current to the ground in case of an electrical accident.
While neutral has little to no current	Earthing provides a minor current
Neutral requires a separate connection	Earthing can be connected separately
A neutral wire can be connected into an carthing wire	But earthing wire can not be connected into a neutral wire

C. When you touch the body of an electrical home appliance in your home or office, what kind of earthing do you use and why?

I use rod earthing in my home or office. Rod earthing costs less. I do rod earthing for neutral and body earthing. Rod earthing is used especially in house wire of low loads such as house. Rod earthing also known as grounding protects my home and it’s electrical systems from a number of hazards including.
🔘Electrocation:- A rod earthing provides a path for fault currents to flow to the ground preventing electrical shock.
🔘Electrical damage:- A rod earthing protects my home or office electrical appliances from damage caused by fault current.
🔘Fire risk:- A rod earthing prevents fire that can be caused by currents leakage.
🔘Voltage stability:- A rod earthing helps maintain a stable voltage.
So for the reason i use rod earthing in my house or office.

D. Draw any one type of motor starter control circuit and describe the diagram.
[Note: Must be different from my drawing.]

It is a DOL Starter with Reverse-Forward motor controlling. Here first I started the motor by DOL Starter connection. So first I will discuss DOL Starter connection.

🔘First a 220 volt line cable comes from MCB input to output.
🔘Then this cable is connected to the magnetic contact coil (A-1) via stop push button (NC) via start push button (NO).
🔘 Now latching has to be done here, because if the push button is not latched, then the magnetic contact will also be released, so latching has to be done. The rule of latching is :- A cable from the other end of the stop button (NC) to the point below the magnetic contact (NO). and a cable from its top (NO) to the magnetic contact coil (A-1) connect.
This is the DOL Starter connection with which I first started the motor.
Now come to the reverse-forward controlling. A cable will be connected through an auxiliary (NO) of the reverse push button to an auxiliary (NC) of the forward and the magnetic contact (A-1) of the reverse.
Now come to the forward connection. Again a line cable will be connected through an auxiliary (NC) of the reverse push button to an auxiliary (NO) of the forward magnetic contact (A-1).
Finally, a neutral connection should be given to the two contacts.
In this reverse-forward connection I have interlocked with a push button, which is normally a magnetic contact (NC). But I have interlocked with a push button. That means when I press the reverse push button the forward push button will disengage completely. Again Pressing the forward button disengages reverse push button.For that at the same point reverse -forward can not be work.

E. Practical: Make a rod or pipe earthing for your home and share the process in pictures or videos.
[Note: This earthing will be useful in my next lesson for making lightning arresters in your home.]

Rod earthing, also known as grounding, is a system that uses a conductive rod to safely carry electrical fault currents to the ground. This protects people and electronic devices from electrocution and damage caused by fault currents.

Here are some details about rod earthing:

🔘 How it works:- A copper or steel rod is driven into the ground until it reaches the desired depth. The rod is connected to an electrical system and carries fault currents to the ground.
🔘 Benefits :- Rod earthing can increase fault current capacity, reach lower resistance soils, and be space-efficient.
🔘 Installation :- Rod earthing can be dangerous and time-consuming. It can be difficult to install near underground pipes or other metallic objects.
🔘 Types of rods :- Copper bonds threaded earth rods are resistant to corrosion and have high electrical conductivity.

Most earthing in our country's homes is rod earthing. Rod earthing costs less. We do rod earthing for neutral and body earthing. Rod earthing is used especially in house wiring of low loads such as houses.

Method of Rod Earthing:-

In the method of rod earthing, rods are used as electrodes or plates. Earthing lead and earth continuity should be kept with it. Currently rod earthing system is mostly used in rural power system.

Materials required for rod earthing:-

GI wire(8 mm)
A metal rod (16 mm)
Necessary coal and salt.

If the earth resistance is not good after the rod is well placed then the rod can be extended. Rod earthing should be done in a shaded or slightly damp location where there is very little resistance. All methods that should be adopted for rod earthing are-
🔘 First collect all earthing materials.
🔘 Make a small hole in a shaded place near the meter and slowly bury the electrode in the soil with water.
🔘 Connecting the earth electrode to the earthing lead.
🔘 Connecting Earth Continuity Wires to earthing leads where earthing is required on the receiver.
🔘 Measuring earth resistance after earthing is completed.
🔘 Checking earth resistance at least once every year.
The method of rod earthing is much easier than other earthing, so rod earthing is used more.

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Regards:- @mdpolasmia