Dimentia

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Thebulediamondgallery

VASCULAR
↓
BLOOD FLOW to the BRAIN

DEMENTIA
DIFFICULTY with:
↓
MEMORY
COMMUNICATING
LEARNING NEW INFO

AKA: MULTI-INFARCT DEMENTIA
↓
PROGRESSIVE LOSS of BRAIN FUNCTION
↓
LONG TERM POOR BLOOD FLOW → BRAIN
(TYPICALLY because of a SERIES of STROKES)

BASIC BRAIN ANATOMY

CEREBRUM

L2 HEMISPHERES

L4 LOBES: FRONTAL PARIETAL TEMPORAL OCCIPITAL

FRONTAL LOBE	PARIETAL LOBE	TEMPORAL LOBE	OCCIPITAL LOBE
MOVEMENT	SENSORY INFO	HEARING	PROCESSING VISUAL INFO
PERSONALITY	PHYSICAL LOCATION	SMELL
COUNTING	GUIDES MOVEMENT in 3D SP	MEMORY
SPELLING		RECOGNITION of FACES
DECISION-MAKING

Wikimedia

NEURONS-ONLY FUNCTION in AEROBIC CONDITIONS

(CONSTANT SUPPLY O₂)
(CONSTANT SUPPLY GLUCOSE)

INTERNAL CAROTID artery
VERTEBRAL artery

CIRCLE OF WILLIS → SUPPLIES ENTIRE BRAIN with O₂ GLUCOSE

ATHEROSCLEROSIS	AFFECTED ARTHEROSCLEROSIS
BUILDUP of PLAQUE	COMPLETELY BLOCKED
CAN BREAK OFF DRIFT	ARTERIES SUPPLYING the BRAIN (CAROTID)
BLOCK SMALLER ARTERY	GRADUAL & BLOOD FLOW
STOP BLOOD SUPPLY to PART of the BRAIN	CHRONIC ISCHEMIA
TINY PERFORATING ARTERIES	BLOOD SUPPLY FALLS BELOW TISSUE DEMAND
PERMANENT TISSUE DAMAGE	ISCHEMIC STROKE
DEAD TISSUE LIQUEFIES	[LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS] LOSS OF MENTAL FUNCTIONS

Final Result DEMENTIA

SYMPTOMS VARY, DEPENDING on REGION of DAMAGE

FRONTAL LOBE → PERSONALITY CHANGE

PARIETAL LOBE → LOSS of SPEECH (APHASIA)

TEMPORAL LOBE→ DIFFCULTY with MEMORY

Wikimedia

SYMPTOMS APPEAR SUDDENLY and BRAIN FUNCTION with EACH STROKE.

NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS LCAN CONFIRM A LOSS of BRAIN FUNCTION

BRAIN IMAGING CT or MRI

MULTIPLE CORTICAL+SUBCORTICAL INFARCTS

ATROPHY of the BRAIN CORTEX

ALL THE THREE CONFIRM ISCHEMIA

NO CURE or MEDICATION (SPECIFICALLY for VASCULAR DEMENTIA)

TREATMENT

FOCUSES on REDUCING RISK of REPEATED STROKES

TREAT CONDITIONS

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

HIGH CHOLESTEROL

REDUCE SMOKING

VASCULAR DEMENTIA

MULTIPLE STROKES/INFARCTS
↑
ATHEROSCLEROSIS (IN VESSELS → BRAIN)

SIGNS + SYMPTOMS
DEPENDS on LOCATION of STROKES
USUALLY APPEAR STEP-BY-STEP

TREATMENT

TREAT UNDERLYING CONDITIONS (MAY PREVENT FURTHER STROKES)

CC @khursheedanwar