| Define White Blood Cells (2.5 points) |
|---|
The white blood cells also known as the Leukocytes is among the most important components in the immune system. It is the cell that defends the body from foreign invaders, fighting infections and disease. The Leukocytes is located in the bone marrow in the body. The types includes.
- Neutrophils
This is one of the commonest know Leukocytes. When foreign particles enters the body, the Neutrophils responds by invading and neutralizing the foreign body.
- Lymphocytes
It plays a unique role in adaptive immunity, this means that it remembers previous Pathogen attack and adjusts to it. It carries this function with the aid to of the following.
- T cells
This helps to organize and elicit immune responses on the attacked cells. They also coordinate other immune cells to elicit responses.
- B cells
They produced antibodies in the body which main function is fighting pathogens in the body.
- Natural killer cells
Just as the name says, they neutralize damaged cells in the body
- Eosinophils
Once they encounter pathogens, they elicit allergic responses which kills invaders.
- Basophils
It performs similar function, just like the Eosinophils. They produces a chemical called "Histamine" which causes inflammation.
- Monocytes
They develop into macrophage which perform a unique reaction know as engulfing. They engulf and neutralizes pathogens.
Pixabay
| Functions of the Leukocytes |
|---|
- Phagocytosis
This is the process of engulfing, killing and neutralizing foreign invaders in the body.
- Antibody production
B Lymphocytes of the white blood cells performs the unique function of producing antibodies which helps in fighting infections.
- Immune defense
It constantly surveys the body system to prevent it from attack and also elicit immune responses when there is need.
- Allergy production
Basophils and Eosinophils of the white blood cells are charged with the function of producing chemicals like Histamine which causes inflammation.
| Make a diagram of the white series (2.5 points) |
|---|
| Neutrophilia vs Neutropenia (2.5 points) |
|---|
Neutrophilia is a medical condition when there is high amount of Neutrophils in the blood. It can be discovered during a blood test.
Neutropenia is a medical condition whereby there is low amount of Neutrophils in the blood.
| Difference between Neutrophilia and Neutropenia. |
|---|
| Neutrophilia | Neutropenia |
|---|---|
| It is whereby there is high level of Neutrophils in the blood | This is where there is low level of Neutrophils in the blood. |
| It is mostly caused by bacterial infections, cancer and inflammation. | Caused mostly by Viral infections, bacteria infection and constant use of antibiotics. |
| Major symptoms includes fever, sore throat, weakness. | Symptoms includes fever, fatigue. |
| Treatment includes Antibiotics and Corticosteroids to reduce the level of Neutrophils | Treatment includes Lenograstim to increase Neutrophils level. |
| Explain a case related to the white series (2.5 points) |
|---|
Here is a case relating to the white series
Patient: Kelvin aged 27 years old.
Complaint
Constant fever, dizziness, sore throat for about 10days,
Medical history
No past medical history he started noticing these symptoms few weeks back.
Physical Examination
High fever of about 39°C, cold chills
Blood pressure 120/80mmHg, painful swollen lymph nodes on the neck region. Upon carrying out a Lab test, the result says thus.
Complete Blood Count (CBC):
White Blood Cell Count (WBC): (elevated)
Neutrophils: 80% (elevated)
Lymphocytes: 15% (decreased)
Monocytes: 5% (normal)
Blood culture: positive to Streptococcus pyogenes
Diagnosis
The patient was diagnosed with Pharyngitis a Bacterial infection because of the presence of Streptococcus pyogenes, WBC and Neutrophilia in his blood sample.
- Treatment
Antibiotics(Amoxicillin 500mg)
Paracetamol for pain relief
Ibuprofen
After treatment and close monitoring for 5 days, he regained himself.
Thanks for reading through my post, I invite @chilaw, @ogechukwu-martha and @james100 to participate in this contest.
Downvoting a post can decrease pending rewards and make it less visible. Common reasons:
Submit
Thanks for your support.
Downvoting a post can decrease pending rewards and make it less visible. Common reasons:
Submit