Some considerations on the sustainable approach in agriculture

Dear readers, in recent years the objective of agriculture has been to achieve high yields per unit area to meet the growing demand for food, without considering the sustainability of production, which has caused the loss of biological diversity, decrease in forest resources, soil erosion, climate changes, for this reason, it is necessary to find appropriate production solutions.

In this sense, agricultural production is mainly based on conventional agriculture (agrochemical) where a large number of synthetic products are used that, in view of the producer, significantly increase the productivity of their items in the early years, however, it is known that such production is not sustainable over time, since, according to Rosales (2016), due to the fact that different factors are altered by the incorporation and abuse of these; destroying soil microorganisms causing deterioration, polluting groundwater and in turn weakening the botanical morphological development of plants, due to the high toxicity of the products.

New technologies should be aimed at maintaining the sustainability of the system through the rational exploitation of natural resources and the application of appropriate measures to preserve the environment. The increase of awareness about the care of the environment and the evidence of the environmental deterioration caused by agrochemicals should be done so that agricultural producers, see as a good alternative the application of bioproducts, since, at present they are used more than all synthetic fertilizers, which brings as a consequence an adverse environmental impact.

For this reason, nutrient supply strategies for crops are currently being adopted, integrating an intelligent combination of inorganic fertilizers and bioproducts; all with the aim of reducing damage to the environment, human health and the different organisms present in ecosystems. In Venezuela, strategies have been implemented in recent years for the incorporation and acceptance by producers of sustainable agriculture, which does not endanger the natural resources involved in the productive processes soil, plant and that allows obtaining agricultural products.

The application of bioproducts act as phyto-stimulants of growth; they can benefit the nutrition of plants, according to Castilla (2006), they can also act as biological control agents, decreasing unwanted microorganisms in the soil and favoring organisms that fulfill an effective function in favor of the ecosystem, thereby increasing the production of the plant and reducing the degradation of the agro-ecosystem. Faced with this situation, it is important to evaluate the efficiency of bioproducts in different crops in nursery conditions and directly in the field using locally available organic resources within the productive units, as an agroecological alternative in order to enhance their effect, giving rise as a resulting activity to the elaboration of organic fertilizers and biostimulators of plant growth and development.

According to the aforementioned, the long-term sustainability of agricultural systems should promote the effective use and management of the internal resources of agroecosystems since they are a vital component of the systems becoming an economically attractive and ecologically acceptable means of reducing external inputs and improving the quantity and quality of agricultural production.

Dear readers, nowadays it is possible to adopt nutrient supply strategies to crops, integrating an intelligent combination of bioproducts, with the use of, for example, azotobacter sp; being of bacterial origin, trichoderma of fungal origin, carbo vit is the essence of Humus in liquid form and the phosphorus solubilizer which activates the growth and development of plants. It is for this reason that the obtaining of nitrogenous biofertilizers and phyto growth stimulants, can become a basic pillar to be able to conduct, an adequate and economically reasonable management of the different productive agricultural systems.