BACTERIAL EVOLUTION AND ITS MECHANISM OF ADAPTATION TO THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Greetings and welcome dear readers of this prestigious platform, scientific development has made it possible to generate a holistic view of the adaptation mechanism of species that has allowed them to evolve and survive in the face of constant changes over time.

Starting from the above, through these lines of writing we will address the mechanism of adaptation and evolution that bacteria have developed and that have allowed them to survive and adapt to the onslaught of the host's immune system.

Therefore, we will take as reference the species Staphylococcus aureus, understood as a species of anaerobic bacteria of the great positive type, it has the capacity to produce coagulase and catalase and generate a diversity of pathologies and diseases from skin infections to conjunctivitis, as well as much more severe and dangerous diseases such as abscessed cellulitis and endocarditis.

So, to understand the adaptive process of this species, we will rely on recent research from the National Biotechnology Center of Spain, in which a group of researchers have managed to detect the operation of the comk gene belonging to the human pathogen of the bacterium and who has the peculiarity of capturing exogenous DNA, repairing its genetic material and, from this, managing to survive against the defense and attack mechanisms of the human body's immune system.

Consequently, bacteria have managed to develop a kind of natural competition, focused on the formation of a complex protein system that allows DNA to be mobilized and transported from the cell it infects to other nearby bacteria. which incorporates the system itself and generates immunity against attacks by the host's immune system, hence the bacterium has evolved and learned to modify its genetic information as a survival mechanism.

Thus, the research opens up a variety of possibilities that allow us to understand how non-competent species have acquired a process of competition or natural selection, where they are capable of incorporating the host's DNA into their own genetic material, without modifying their genome, on the contrary, they use it as a feeding mechanism to repair their genetic material and to face the hostile scenarios developed by the defense system of the human body.

Microbiologically, bacteria must fight and generate immunity against the immune system, therefore, the success of the species lies in acquiring said immunity and thus surviving the immune response, which It will provide two mechanisms of action, the first to evade the attack of the immune system that seeks to reduce the production of nutrients to the bacteria and the second, to evade the damage of the genome that would cause the host defense system on the invading organism or the bacteria in this case.

Understanding this mechanism of action of bacteria is essential to deal with the diseases that these species cause and to prevent their spread, especially in hospitals and prisons, where people generally do not have a healthy immune system. conditions, hence antibiotics must be used to attack the diseases caused by the species and the repeated use of these generates immunity of the invasive species which aggravates the pathological problem presented.

In this sense, advances at a biological and technological level have made it possible to develop sophisticated mechanisms that have made it possible to analyze the microsystems that exist beyond our eyes.

[1] Rafael Gómez-Lus y Carmen Rubio Calvo. Mechanisms of evolution and bacterial resistance. Artículo: Acceso Online.

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