刀郎歌曲中的维特根斯坦是谁？

题图：《年轻的维特根斯坦》Cheva用AI创作

前天发帖子说《罗刹海市》这首新歌其实只说了一半，大意就是刀郎用《聊斋志异》中的故事在影射音乐圈或者文化圈里的一些大腕利用掌握的影响力和话语权，打压新人、颠倒美丑的标准，这也是绝大多数人的解读。当然如果仅仅是这样的话，那这首歌的格调也就高不到哪去了。但这一层解读也正好反映了当下社会阶层固化，年轻人上升门路缺乏纷纷躺平的情绪相契合，这才产生了这么轰动的传播效应。

当然能够唤起人们情绪共鸣的东西。自然是好东西好的文艺作品。但是情绪反应，毕竟是基于人类的古老本能，仅仅是调动起人们的情绪反应，还是相对来说层次比较低的。如果给能给人们带来理性上的思考和愉悦，那才是真正的艺术杰作。借用我聊《千智之脑》这本书中的观点，情绪只是古老原始的旧脑的本能反应，而理性才是由人类大脑后来进化出来的新皮质所产生的高级神经活动，也是人类和人般动物物主要的区别。而这首歌的后半部分就做得很好的,有点让人出乎意料。因为从前半段来看,这首歌采用的是民歌的形式,用的也是古典小说《聊斋志异》中的故事,暗喻的是音乐圈、娱乐圈中的现象,也算是人们的身边事。总的来说还是挺接地气的。结果到了快结束的时候,歌词画风一转,成了：“西边的欧钢有老板
生儿维特根斯坦
他言说马户驴又鸟鸡
到底那马户是驴
还是驴是又鸟鸡
那驴是鸡那个鸡是驴
那鸡是驴那个驴是鸡
那马户又鸟
是我们人类根本的问题”
一下子就上升到了哲学的高度。而这几句歌词怎么理解也是这首歌最烧脑的地方。人们为了能够理解这首歌，必然要去了解这维特根斯坦到底是何许人也。按照这首歌的播放量有15亿人次来算的话，至少也有几亿人去网上查一查维特根斯坦了吧？感觉这一夜之间，哲学家维特根斯坦在中国的知名度很可能都反超马克思了，不过你还别说，维特根斯坦和马克思还是有一些相似之处的，他们都是犹太人。不过维特根斯坦是20世纪的哲学天才，而且和一般的学者不同，他是一个超级富二代，他的父亲经营着多家大型企业，业务领域涵盖钢铁、铁路和各种工业，被人戏称为欧洲第六帝国，不过显然维特根斯坦对做生意是没有任何兴趣的，优渥的生活让他有更多的时间来思考哲学上的问题。这也是歌词中“西边有欧钢的老板生儿维特根斯坦”的意思，因为他的父亲是在欧洲开钢铁公司的超级富豪大老板。维特根斯坦是奥地利人。和他有关的另一段意思事情是，他有一个可以说和他一样牛掰的高中校友，在他们学校的毕业照上，维特根斯坦站在第二排，而在第三排离他不远的位置就是大名鼎鼎的阿道夫·希特勒。而且据说老师这两人的评语高度相似，都是认为他们聪明有余，但是偏科严重。

多年以后，希特勒在德国上台并促成德澳合并，当希特勒以元首的头衔回到维也纳的时候，受到了奥地利民众的夹道欢迎，而维特根斯坦却没有以老同学的身份去会一会当年的这个老校友，去攀龙附凤一把。第一，这当然是因为他本身就是超级富二代未必看得起暴发户式的希特勒。第二，也是以他老同学的身份想必也是知道希特勒的底细，对他下一步会干出什么样的事来心知肚明。第三，也是因为他是一个犹太人。所以当希特勒重返维也纳的时候，他选择离开了奥地利，前往英国的剑桥，开始了自己的学术研究生涯。

所以，要理解《罗刹海市》之最后一段歌词的意义，势必得了解一下维特根斯坦的哲学观点。和大多数哲学家不同，其他的哲学家大多数一生只坚持一种观点，并以此为名。而维特根斯坦在不同的时期所持的哲学观点则完全不同，还构成了相互否定的关系。在四十岁之前，他的哲学观点简单来说就是，世界是事实的总和，也就是说，不存在实体，只是相互关联的事实。而思想就是事物的图像，语言是有逻辑性的，可以描述思想，也就是描述整个世界。反正挺绕的，我也说不太好了。按我的理解，这个就和我之前讨论的大语言模型的原理非常相似，就是语言可以反映客观世界中各种事物之间的关系，组成一个客观世界的模型。

但是他四十岁之后，就完全否定了自己的这种观点，认为语言是变化的，模糊的，世界的本质是不存在的，或者说是无法用语言来描述的，所有的哲学思想，哲学问题都是语言的游戏。举个非常简单的例子，比如说苹果这个词，一般情况下，大家都认为是一种可以吃的水果，而有时候苹果可能指的是一部手机。所以语言因为其本身的模糊性和对人为规则的依赖，使它无法反映世界的本质。甚至可以用来操纵和影响人们对真实世界的理解。这就是歌词中所说的，到底那马户是驴
，还是驴是又鸟鸡。这里面，驴和鸡就是世界中真实存在的事物，而马户和又鸟就是语言。那些有影响力的权势人物可以通过他们对语言的理解和诠释来影响其他人对世界的观感，也就是说，他们可以把马户说成是鸡，把又鸟说成是驴。往小了说，是指当年那些歌坛大腕用他们的话语权诋毁刀郎的作品，打压新人。往大了说，是指像希特勒这样的野心家和煽动者，通过语言和手中的权力，将民族、主义之类的抽象概念灌输给民众，扭曲他们的世界观、价值观，将战争和流血带到世界上来。

语言是否真的能够反映世界的真相，这个是维特根斯坦的主要哲学问题，也就是人类最根本的问题。只有弄清这个问题，人类才不会误入歧途。

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The day before yesterday, I posted that the new song "Luosha City" is actually only half said, the gist is that Daolang uses the story in "Liaozhai Tales" to imply that some big names in the music circle or cultural circle use their influence and discourse power to suppress new people and reverse the standards of beauty and uglness, which is also the interpretation of the vast majority of people. Of course, if that were all it was, the song wouldn't be much higher. However, this level of interpretation also precisely reflects the current social class solidification, the lack of young people up the road to lie down in line with the mood, which has produced such a sensational spreading effect.

Certainly something that evokes emotional resonance. Nature is a good thing a good work of art. But emotional response, after all, is based on the ancient instinct of human beings, only to mobilize people's emotional response, or relatively low level. If it can bring rational thinking and pleasure to people, it is a real artistic masterpiece. To borrow my point of view in the book "The Brain of a Thousand Wits", emotion is only the instinctive response of the ancient primitive old brain, while reason is the higher neural activity generated by the neocortex that has evolved from the human brain, and it is also the main difference between humans and human-like animals. The second half of the song is so well done, it's kind of surprising. Because in the first half, this song adopts the form of folk songs, and uses the stories in the classical novel Liaozhai Tales, which alludes to the phenomena in the music circle and the entertainment circle, and is also the things around people. In general, it's pretty down to earth. As a result, near the end, the lyrics changed style, and became: "The west European steel has a boss.
Give birth to son Wittgenstein
He talks about horses, donkeys and birds
After all, that horse is a donkey
A donkey or a bird or a chicken
That donkey is a chicken and that chicken is a donkey
That chicken is a donkey and that donkey is a chicken
The matoyo bird
Is the fundamental problem of our species."
It was suddenly elevated to the level of philosophy. And how to understand these lyrics is the most burning part of this song. In order to understand the song, one must understand who Wittgenstein really was. If the song has 1.5 billion streams, at least a few hundred million people have looked Wittgenstein up on the Internet, right? I feel that overnight, the philosopher Wittgenstein's popularity in China is likely to surpass Marx, but you do not say that Wittgenstein and Marx still have some similarities, they are both Jewish. However, Wittgenstein was a philosophical genius of the 20th century, and unlike ordinary scholars, he was a super-rich second generation, his father ran a number of large enterprises in the field of steel, railways and various industries, which was nicknamed the Sixth Empire of Europe, but Wittgenstein obviously had no interest in business. A comfortable life gave him more time to ponder philosophical questions. This is also the meaning of the lyrics, "the boss of Eurosteel has a son Wittgenstein," because his father is a super-rich boss who runs a steel company in Europe. Wittgenstein was an Austrian. Another interesting thing about him is that he has a high school alumnus who can be said to be as awesome as him. In their school graduation photo, Wittgenstein stands in the second row, and in the third row not far from him is the famous Adolf Hitler. And it is said that the teacher's comments of these two people are highly similar, both of them think that they are smart, but serious.

Many years later, Hitler came to power in Germany and promoted the merger of Germany and Australia, when Hitler returned to Vienna with the title of Fuhrer, he was welcomed by the Austrian people, and Wittgenstein did not meet this old schoolmate as an old classmate for a while, to join the family. First, of course, it was because he himself was a super-rich second generation who did not necessarily appreciate the upstart Hitler. Secondly, as an old classmate of his, he must have known all about Hitler and knew exactly what he would do next. Third, because he was a Jew. So when Hitler returned to Vienna, he chose to leave Austria and went to Cambridge, England, to begin his academic career.

Therefore, in order to understand the meaning of the last lyric of "Luozha City", it is necessary to understand Wittgenstein's philosophical views. Unlike most philosophers, other philosophers hold to only one idea for most of their lives and call it that. The philosophical views held by Wittgenstein in different periods are completely different, and also constitute a mutually negative relationship. Before the age of forty, his philosophical view was simply that the world is the sum of facts, that is, there are no entities, only interrelated facts. While thought is the image of things, language is logical and can describe ideas, that is, the whole world. Well, it's kind of convoluted. I can't say good. According to my understanding, this is very similar to the principle of the big language model I discussed before, that is, language can reflect the relationship between various things in the objective world and form a model of the objective world.

But when he was forty years old, he completely denied this view of himself, believing that language is changing and vague, that the essence of the world does not exist, or that it cannot be described by language, and that all philosophical thoughts and philosophical problems are games of language. To take a very simple example, like the word apple, in general, everyone thinks of it as a fruit that can be eaten, but sometimes apple may refer to a mobile phone. Therefore, language cannot reflect the nature of the world because of its own ambiguity and dependence on man-made rules. It can even be used to manipulate and influence people's understanding of the real world. This is what the lyrics say, after all, the horse is a donkey
Or a donkey or a bird or a chicken. Here, the donkey and the chicken are the real things in the world, and the horse and the bird are the language. Influential and powerful people can influence other people's perception of the world through their understanding and interpretation of language, that is, they can refer to a horse as a chicken and a bird as a donkey. To a small degree, it refers to those who used their right of speech to slander Daolan's works and suppress new people. To a larger extent, it means that aspirants and demagogues like Hitler, through language and power in their hands, instilled abstract concepts such as nationality and ism into the people, distorted their world view and values, and brought war and bloodshed to the world.

Whether language can really reflect the truth of the world is Wittgenstein's main philosophical question, that is, the most fundamental question of mankind. Only by understanding this problem can mankind not go astray.