南宋利益集团的角力:岳飞成为牺牲品

今天说说岳飞之死的最后一部分啊，前面有几种说岳飞被害的原因，其实大都不成立。那么还剩下来几种，今天一起说一说。

另外一种关于岳飞被害的说法，就是真正的幕后凶手，其实是金人，也就是演义小说中的金兀术。当时宋金已经休战和谈，岳飞也已经交出兵权，但是金兀术要求秦桧给高宗带一个话，提出了一项关于和平协定的秘密条款，就是“必杀飞，实可和”由于高宗畏惧金人，迫切想要达成和议，于是就授意秦桧暗害了岳飞。

当然，这种说法是完完全全的阴谋论，没有任何的史料证据。现实情况是，当时的宋金战争已经进入了僵持阶段。女真的骑兵在南方的水网地带发挥不出冲击力和机动灵活的作战优势，没有能力灭亡南宋。南宋在靖康之变的情况下，迫不得已，再加上赵构本身皇位继承合法性存疑，只能放手让天下各路豪杰自行组织军队镇压起义与抗击金。虽然培养出了像岳家军，还有四川的吴阶等一批能征善战的部队，但是依靠他们在华北大平原上和拥有骑兵优势的与真人对攻，收复北方失土也是几乎不可能的，而且这样做也并不符合南宋小朝廷的利益，即使收复了黄河流域的北方失土，那么也是成为像岳飞这样大大小小军阀的藩镇领地，与南宋中央政府并没有多大的关系。

所以当时的宋金和谈是双方各取所需，在都打不下去的情况下形成的共识。而且金人从白山黑水之间的一个落后的渔猎部落，接连吞下了整个辽国和北宋在黄河流域的大片领土，这个战利品对他们来说已经足够丰厚了，他们也想安顿下来，过好日子。这也是南宋能够站稳脚跟的一个重要原因。金人一开始，连黄河流域都不打算进行直接统治的，而且先后扶持了张邦昌和刘豫两傀儡皇帝。很像现代美国在伊拉克和阿富汗扶持当地政权的做法。所以金兀术完全没有必要在和平协定中加入必须杀死岳飞这样的秘密条款。

其实当时的宋金战局不光是在岳飞负责的战线，在四川以及襄阳等各条战线上都已经陷入僵局了。光杀掉岳飞并不能给金国带来多少军事优势。而且后来金国唯一一个有一统天下雄心壮志的皇帝海陵王完颜亮还是被金国的贵族自己通过政变搞下台杀死的。可见，当时金国内部的主流意见也是想尽快停止宋金之间的战争状态。所以金国人是幕后黑手也是不成立的。

这么说来，关于岳飞死因的几种说法，基本上都是不太成立的。比如是秦桧害死的说法，但有高宗授意说还有金人要求说两个版本，这里面秦桧害死说的可能性是比较大的，应该是事实，但是这背后主使也有不同的说法，但是事实上历史上并没有记载。岳飞与秦桧其实也没有直接的冲突，他为什么要害死他害死？

所以以某一个人的动机来解释岳飞的死。其实是有问题的。而真实的原因也许并没有那么复杂。岳飞当时之所以被冤杀，其实是当时岳飞当时掌握权势的利益集团共同的要求。其实南宋的政权性质和蜀汉以及五乱华之后，衣冠南渡的东晋，还有1949年之后败逃台湾的国民政府非常相似，都是有大量的所谓外省人进入南方地区，而此次南方地区和东晋时候的已经不太一样。经晋南北朝、隋唐以及北宋的发展，南方地区已经形成了经济较为富裕，并且根深蒂固的本土势力集团，所以无法实现像蜀汉和东晋那样，外省人能够完全压制本省人建立政权的状态。那些外省人一般都有故土情节，希望利用南方的资源、人力北伐，打回老家去，这其实是和本地人的利益是相冲突的。虽然大家政治口号喊得震天响，但内心里未必同意这样做。再加上南宋的建立过程中，北方的皇族以及官僚集团几乎被金人掳掠一空，就连赵构也是侥幸逃生，所以带来的北方人的班底是相当少的。南宋的建立过程中，必须以南方人为主体。而岳飞这样的北方将领不停的叫嚣北伐，是渴望和平的南方人的共同的眼中钉。

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Today, I will talk about the last part of Yue Fei's death. There are several reasons for Yue Fei's murder, but most of them are not valid. So there are a few left, let's talk about them today.

Another saying about Yue Fei's murder is that the real murderer behind the scenes is actually the Jin man, that is, the Jin Shu in romance novels. At that time, the Song Jin had already made a truce and Yue Fei had already surrendered his military power, but Jin Xianshu asked Qin Kuei to bring a message to Gaozong, proposing a secret clause on the peace agreement, that is, "Kill Fei, and actually make peace." Because Gaozong was afraid of the Jin, he was eager to reach a peace agreement, so Qin Kuei secretly hurt Yue Fei.

Of course, this is a complete conspiracy theory with no historical evidence. The reality is that the Song and Jin wars at that time have entered a stalemate stage. In the southern water network zone, the cavalry of the Jurchen could not play the impact force and flexible combat advantages, and had no ability to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty. Under the circumstances of Jingkang's change, the Southern Song Dynasty had no choice but to let all the heroes in the world organize their own armies to suppress the uprising and fight against Jin. Although a group of troops such as the Yuejia Army and the Wujie in Sichuan were trained to fight well, it was almost impossible to recover the lost territory in the North by relying on them to attack the real people on the North China Plain with cavalry advantages, and it was not in the interests of the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty. Even if the lost territory in the north of the Yellow River Valley was recovered, Then it was also the vassal territory of warlords large and small like Yue Fei, which had little to do with the central government of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Therefore, the Song and Jin peace talks at that time were a consensus formed when both sides got what they needed and could not go on fighting. Moreover, from a backward fishing and hunting tribe between the White Mountains and the Black waters, the Jin people successively swallowed the whole of the Liao State and the large territory of the Northern Song in the Yellow River Valley, and this prize was rich enough for them, and they also wanted to settle down and live a good life. This is also an important reason for the Southern Song Dynasty to stand firm. At the beginning, the Golden people did not intend to directly rule even the Yellow River basin, and successively supported two puppet emperors, Zhang Bangchang and Liu Yu. Much like the modern US effort to prop up local regimes in Iraq and Afghanistan. Therefore, there was absolutely no need for Jin to include a secret clause in the peace agreement that Yue Fei must be killed.

In fact, at that time, the SongJin war was not only in Yue Fei's front, but also in Sichuan and Xiangyang and other fronts. Killing Yue Fei alone would not give the Jin much of a military advantage. And later, the only emperor who had the ambition to unify the world, King Wanyan Liang, was killed by the nobility of the Jin through a coup d 'etat. It can be seen that the mainstream opinion within the Jin State at that time also wanted to stop the state of war between Song and Jin as soon as possible. So it is not true that the Jin people are behind this.

In this way, several theories about the cause of Yue Fei's death are basically not very valid. For example, there is the theory of Qin Hui's death, but there is the theory of Emperor Gaozong's instruction and the Jin people's request to say two versions, in which the possibility of Qin Hui's death is relatively large, should be the truth, but the mastermind behind this also has different theories, but in fact there is no record in history. Yue Fei and Qin Hui actually had no direct conflict, why did he want to kill him?

So to explain Yue Fei's death in terms of one person's motives. Actually, there is a problem. The real reason may not be that complicated. The reason why Yue Fei was wrongfully killed at that time was actually the common request of the interest groups that controlled the power of Yue Fei at that time. In fact, the nature of the Southern Song regime and Shu Han and the five chaos after the Eastern Jin Dynasty, as well as the Kuomintang government after 1949 defeated and fled Taiwan is very similar, there are a large number of so-called provincial people into the southern region, and the southern region and the Eastern Jin has been different. After the development of Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties and Northern Song dynasties, the southern region had formed a relatively rich economy and deep-rooted local power groups, so it was impossible to achieve a state like Shu Han and Eastern Jin where the provincial people could completely suppress the establishment of political power by the local people. Those people from other provinces generally have the plot of their native land, hoping to use the resources and manpower of the south to go north and fight back to their hometown, which is actually in conflict with the interests of the local people. Although we may shout loud political slogans, we may not agree to do so in our hearts. In addition, in the process of the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, the northern royal family and the bureaucratic group were almost looted by the Jin, and even Zhao Gou was lucky to escape, so the team of northern people brought was quite small. In the course of the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, southerners must be the main body. And the incessant calls of northern generals like Yue Fei were a common thorn in the side of peace-hungry Southerners.