From Collective memories to Mandela effect 從集體回憶到曼德拉效應

Mandela effect was introduced at the last post https://steemit.com/hk/@kona/do-u-believe-mandela-effect, now we are talking about Collective memories.

Memories seem like one of the most personal aspects of who we are. What we remember, what triggers memories, and how we remember things help define our identities. But memories are more than just personal. They can be something we share collectively too.

Sociologists who study collective memory focus on how groups share information about the past and construct meanings about the past together. This can be done through the creation of monuments and storytelling, which serves not only to remind members of events but also defines the group in the process.

上一篇https://steemit.com/hk/@kona/do-u-believe-mandela-effect 已經介紹過曼德拉效應，現在來談談集體回憶。

記憶是神經系統存儲過往經驗的能力，關於記憶的研究屬於心理學或腦部科學的範疇。記憶代表著一個人對過去活動、感受、經驗的印象累積，有相當多種分類，主要因環境、時間和知覺來分。

「集體回憶」是一個群體共同建構及承傳，可以是物質、事件、人物、生活模式、網絡甚至文化，由感受開始。它是一種共同經歷的回憶，由眾多個人的心理凝聚為社會心理，該象徵物就是某一社群的共同話語及溝通載體。

隨著科技的進步，利用不同媒體都可以將可見的「集體回憶」記錄及承傳，甚至以網絡廣泛傳播，讓「集體回憶」可以跨年代、跨地域地承傳。

For example of Hong Kong, nowadays we have some collective memories e.g., some classic advertising video, cartoon theme song, Tiananmen Incident, transfer of the sovereignty of Hong Kong, some disappear street and buildings, some famous people and stars. These events was happened, we have memories in our mind, but most of materials are coming from the media. There is a problem, is these material of the media is correct? The media always have their own opinion, they will change the facts, if the people didn't fix it , the false things will be spread and turning to be a Mandela effect.

Here is a example:
Hong Kong band Beyond's 'Glorious Days' a lasting tribute to Mandela, The 1991 track Glorious Days by the city's most famous rock band Beyond, which became a Cantonese anthem for idealistic youth, is from beginning to end a homage to Mandela.
"Never stop struggling with uncertainty. I believe the future can be altered. But who can achieve it?" the lyrics read in part.
Today, it is widely used as one of the theme songs in local demonstrations because of its message of anti-racism and aspiration to freedom. There are many details on the newspaper, Mandela was out of jail at 1988, and to be a president of South Afria at 1990. A few years later, the people mixed up with two songs, 'Glorious Days' and 'The Boundless Sea and Sky' , their lyrics both talk about freedom. The human memories are very unreliable.

以香港為例，我們近來常回想起的集體回憶，如一些經典電視廣告，卡通片歌曲，六四事件，九七回歸，消失了的建築物、街道，甚至一些已故名人名星。這些已發生過的事件在我們的腦海裡，除了是我們本身的記憶有印象，大多數的資訊其實來自以住的報章、雜誌等傳播媒介，問題便來了，這些傳播媒體的資訊是正確的嗎？媒體很多時會加插了主觀的報導，往往會把事件扭曲，可是當時的人們不加以糾正，於是一直傳下去的結果就變了曼德拉效應。

跟大家說一個例子：
香港樂隊Beyond的主音歌手黃家駒，當年受到囚禁黑牢中27年的曼德拉啟發，在1990年為曼德拉寫了一首詞，最後譜成經典名曲《光輝歲月》，向曼德拉偉大燦爛的一生致敬。歌詞開首：「鐘聲響起歸家的訊號　在他生命裏　徬佛帶點唏噓」一個祝福。1988年，曼德拉出獄，1990年當上南非總統，黃家駒創作《光輝歲月》的歌詞，他當時接受媒體訪時說：「我很佩服曼德拉，20多年的牢獄，不知他怎樣耐過這段孤獨歲月，但我知道一定有堅強的信念支撐他。」然後在若干年後，很多人把《光輝歲月》跟另一首歌《海闊天空》搞混了。因為大家都是爭取自由的歌曲，你想想人類的記憶多麼的不可靠。

For my opinion, Mandela Effect is not true, there is something wrong of our memory. I suggest you to write more news or living things at steemit, it will be a history prove in the future.

所以我個人認為，曼德拉效應是不存在的，是我們的記憶出了錯，把原本的事實倒過來，建議大家寫多點生活時事在STEEMIT，若干年後可以作為歷史證據。