Subhas Chandra Bose, popularly known as Netaji (meaning "Respected Leader" in Hindi), was a prominent Indian nationalist leader during the pre-independence era. Born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Odisha, Bose played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence against British rule.
points about Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose:
Early Life and Education:
Subhas Chandra Bose belonged to a well-educated and affluent family. He studied at Presidency College in Calcutta (now Kolkata) and later went to England to appear for the Indian Civil Service examination. However, he resigned from the civil service in 1921 to actively participate in the independence movement.
Role in Indian National Congress:
Bose initially aligned with the Indian National Congress (INC) and was elected as the Congress President in 1938 and 1939. However, his differences with the Congress leadership, especially with Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, led to his resignation from the party.
Formation of Forward Bloc:
Disenchanted with the pacifist approach of the Congress, Bose founded the Forward Bloc in 1939, a political organization that aimed at achieving independence through armed struggle.
Escape to Germany and Alliance with Axis Powers:
During World War II, Bose sought foreign assistance to free India from British rule. He initially went to Germany and later to Japan, seeking support from the Axis powers. He formed the Indian National Army (INA) with Japanese assistance to fight alongside them against the British.
INA and the Battle of Imphal:
The INA played a significant role in the Burma Campaign against the British Indian forces. The famous Battle of Imphal in 1944 was a part of this campaign.
Death and Disappearance:
Subhas Chandra Bose's death remains a subject of controversy. He reportedly died in a plane crash in Taiwan on August 18, 1945. However, there are various conspiracy theories and doubts surrounding the circumstances of his death. The official inquiry, the Shah Nawaz Committee, concluded that Bose had died in the crash.
Legacy:
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose is remembered as a valiant freedom fighter and a charismatic leader. His contributions to the independence movement, especially his role in the INA, are celebrated in India. The phrase "Jai Hind," which was popularized by him, is a common patriotic slogan in the country.
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's legacy continues to inspire generations of Indians in their pursuit of freedom and justice. His birth anniversary, January 23, is celebrated as "Netaji Jayanti" in India.